Tabagismo em pacientes internados em um hospital geral

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of smoking among hospitalized patients in a general hospital, and to evaluate their profile. Methods: A random representative sample of 111 patients, classified as nonsmokers, former smokers or smokers, was evaluated. The smokers were submitted to the Fagerström test and measurement of expired carbon monoxide. Expired carbon monoxide higher than 6 ppm was considered a significant indicator of recent smoking. Results: Of the 111 patients in the sample, 60 (54%) were female. The mean age was 70 years. Of the 111 patients, 56 (51%) had never smoked, 36 (32%) were former smokers, and 19 (17%) were smokers. All of the smokers were male. The smokers were younger (58 ± 17 years) than the nonsmokers (68 ± 12 years) and the former smokers (73 ± 14 years)-ANOVA: F = 6.57 (p = 0.002). Among the smokers, the mean tobacco intake was 43 pack-years and the mean Fagerström score was 5.0. Of the 19 smokers, 11 (58%) had respiratory symptoms and 3 had withdrawal symptoms. The mean expired carbon monoxide in the smokers was 5.0 ppm. Expired carbon monoxide levels were higher than 6 ppm in 8 (42%) of the smokers. There was a higher prevalence of smokers in some wards: 70% of all smokers were hospitalized on only five wards. Conclusions: In a large tertiary hospital, 17% of the hospitalized patients were smokers, and 7% had smoked within the last 8 h. The smokers were younger men, hospitalized on specific wards. Keywords:Smoking; Hospitalization; Carbon monoxide/diagnostic use. ResumoObjetivo: Determinar a freqüência do tabagismo em pacientes internados em um hospital geral, e caracterizar o perfil dos fumantes hospitalizados. Métodos: Foi avaliada uma amostra representativa e aleatória de 111 pacientes internados, classificados como não-fumantes, ex-fumantes e fumantes. Nos fumantes foi aplicado o questionário de Fagerström e obtidas medidas de monóxido de carbono no ar expirado. Valores acima de 6 ppm de monóxido de carbono no ar expirado foram considerados significantes para tabagismo recente. Resultados: Dos 111 pacientes, 60 (54%) eram do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 70 anos. Do total, 56 pacientes (51%) nunca fumaram, 36 (32%) eram ex-fumantes e 19 (17%) eram fumantes atuais. Todos os fumantes eram do sexo masculino. Os fumantes tinham menor idade (58 ± 17 anos), em comparação aos não-fumantes (68 ± 14 anos) e ex-fumantes (73 ± 14 anos)-ANOVA: F = 6,57 (p = 0,002). A carga tabágica média dos fumantes foi de 43 anos-maço. A média do escore de Fagerström foi de 5,0. Dos 19 fumantes, 11 (58%) tinham sintomas respiratórios, e 3 tinham sintomas de abstinência. A média de monóxido de carbono no ar expirado dos fumantes foi 5,0 ppm. Oito (42%) dos fumantes tinham níveis de monóxido de carbono no ar expirado acima de 6 ppm. Houve maior prevalência de tabagistas em algumas clinicas: 70% dos fumantes se encontravam em apenas cinco enfermarias. Conclusões: Em um grande hospital terciário, 17% dos pacientes internados eram fumantes e destes 7% fumaram nas últimas 8 horas. Os fumantes...

Profile and motivation for smoking cessation in surgical inpatients

“…The prevalence of smoking identified in the present study (15%) was similar to that reported by investigations performed in other general hospitals in the country (4)(5)7,12) . The high number of participants who actively smoked at the time of admission may be attributable to the fact that most subjects in our sample of surgical patients had been admitted for elective procedures.…”

“…The sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the sample were similar to those described in other similar studies (4,5,7,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) . Patients were, on average, 54 years old, and had therefore reached an age at which the comorbidities associated with lifestyle factors often begin to appear.…”

“…The patients in the present study had been hospitalized for widely varying reasons, as tends to be the case in similar studies performed in large hospitals (4,7) . Patients who smoke need encouragement and guidance from the health care team to ensure they are successful in quitting regardless of their underlying illness or reason for hospital admission.…”

“…Nineteen (19%) participants identifi ed other reasons, such as the taste and pleasure associated with smoking, the habit of smoking itself, socialization, distraction and the fear of being unable to quit. Graphs 2 and 3 show the degree of nicotine dependence in the sample according to the Fagerström Scale (7)(8) , and patient motivation to quit as per the Prochaska and DiClemente (10) scale.…”

“…The sample size required to estimate the prevalence of smoking among inpatients was calculated based on studies performed in other hospitals, in which the prevalence of smoking was found to be 20% (4,7) . As such, the minimum sample size for the present study was calculated at 77 smokers.…”