T2* mapping of ovine intervertebral discs: Normative data for cervical and lumbar spine

Kolf, Anna-Katharina; Hesper, Tobias; Schleich, Christoph; Hosalkar, Harish S.; Jankowiak, Silvia; Cacchi, Claudio; Antoch, Gerald; Zilkens, Christoph; Krauspe, Rüdiger; Bittersohl, Bernd

doi:10.1002/jor.23071

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Some previous studies did not discern a significant difference in the T2 ∗ values between grades IV and V [20,21] of the lumbar disc, which was unlike our present study. A difference was still found between Pfirrmann grades IV and V in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…[19] A previous report on T2 ∗ values in histologically evaluated healthy ovine IVDs of the cervical spine in 5 regions described zonal T2 ∗ distribution with high values in the central NP and low values in the anterior and posterior AF; the authors of this report speculated that these T2 ∗ values could provide baseline measures. [20] However, the authors also mentioned that the current literature undoubtedly still lacks human baseline T2 ∗ values and their clinical correlation in various age groups. [20] Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to use symptomatic population to examine the T2 ∗ and Pfirrmann changes in the inner portion of IVDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20] However, the authors also mentioned that the current literature undoubtedly still lacks human baseline T2 ∗ values and their clinical correlation in various age groups. [20] Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to use symptomatic population to examine the T2 ∗ and Pfirrmann changes in the inner portion of IVDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22] However, the T2 ∗ values of human patients of cervical IVDD was similar with the lumbar spine IVDs of sheep in previous studies. [20] Third, the T2 value in the IVD is known to be sensitive to water content and the composition of the collagen network structure. It is influenced by both rotational and translational motions by dipole–dipole interaction of water molecules in the collagen matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with our present study, the T2 ∗ values of the lumbar discs were lower than previously reported. [9,15,20] This difference may arise from the different biochemical properties between cervical and lumbar IVDs and different measurement methods due to different chemical changes from cervical, thoracic, and lumbar discs. [25] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between T2* (T2 star) relaxation time and cervical intervertebral disc degeneration

Huang

Guo

et al. 2016

Medicine

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Purpose:To demonstrate the potential benefits of T2∗ relaxation time of intervertebral discs (IVDs) regarding the detection and grading of degenerative disc disease using 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a clinical setting.Materials and Methods:Cervical sagittal T2-weighted, T2∗ relaxation MRI was performed at 3.0-T in 61 subjects, covering discs C2–3 to C6–7. All discs were morphologically assessed based on the Pfirrmann grade, and regions of interests (ROIs) were drawn over the T2∗ mapping. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed among grades to determine the cut-off values.Results:Cervical intervertebral discs (IVDs) of patients were commonly determined to be at Pfirrmann grades III to V. The nucleus pulposus (NP) values did not differ significantly between sexes at the same anatomic level (P > 0.05). In the NP, the T2∗ values tended to decrease with increasing grade (P < 0.000), and a significant difference was found in the T2 values between grades I to V (P < 0.05). T2∗ values based on disc degeneration level classification were as follows: grade I (>30 milliseconds), grade II (24.55–29.99 milliseconds), grade III (21.65–24.54 milliseconds), grade IV (18.35–21.64 milliseconds), and grade V (<18.34 milliseconds).Conclusion:Our standardized method of region-specific quantitative T2∗ relaxation time evaluation seems capable of characterizing different degrees of disc degeneration quantitatively. The T2∗ values obtained in these cervical IVDs may serve as baseline values for future T2∗ measurements in both healthy and degenerated cervical discs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between T2* (T2 star) relaxation time and cervical intervertebral disc degeneration

Huang

Guo

et al. 2016

Medicine

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T2* Mapping of the Adult Intervertebral Lumbar Disc: Normative Data and Analysis of Diurnal Effects

Kolf¹,

Konieczny²,

Hesper³

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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In this prospective study, we sought to establish normative data for T2* analysis of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs). Further, potential diurnal effects regarding T2* relaxometry of the lower spine were examined. Lumbar IVDs of young, healthy, adult men (n = 20) and women (n = 20; mean age = 24.5 ± 2.9 years) were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging including T2* mapping was performed on a 3-T scanner. Mid-sagittal T2* values were obtained in five regions: anterior annulus fibrosus (AF), anterior nucleus pulposus (NP), central NP, posterior NP , and posterior AF. Zonal and segmental differences, as well as diurnal variations between the T2* analysis in the morning and the evening and effects of unloading, were analyzed. Discs with signs of degeneration on morphological images or imaging artifacts were excluded. We noted a zonal and segmental T2* distribution with high values in the NP, low T2* values in the AF and a T2* increase towards the caudal NP. We observed no diurnal differences between the mean T2* values in the morning and in the evening (p = 0.748). The effect of unloading the spine was low (maximum T2* difference between four measurements = 13.6 ms; significant difference noted only between the 0 and 15-min measurement). The T2* values obtained in this study will serve as normative values for future T2* measurements. There are no diurnal influences, and we suggest that unloading of the spine has no demonstrable effect after 30 min on the T2* results.

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A comprehensive tool box for large animal studies of intervertebral disc degeneration

et al. 2021

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Preclinical studies involving large animal models aim to recapitulate the clinical situation as much as possible and bridge the gap from benchtop to bedside. To date, studies investigating intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and regeneration in large animal models have utilized a wide spectrum of methodologies for outcome evaluation. This paper aims to consolidate available knowledge, expertise, and experience in large animal preclinical models of IVD degeneration to create a comprehensive tool box of anatomical and functional outcomes. Herein, we present a Large Animal IVD Scoring Algorithm based on three scales: macroscopic (gross morphology, imaging, and biomechanics), microscopic (histological, biochemical, and biomolecular analyses), and clinical (neurologic state, mobility, and pain). The proposed algorithm encompasses a stepwise evaluation on all three scales, including spinal pain assessment, and relevant structural and functional components of IVD health and disease. This comprehensive tool box was designed for four commonly used preclinical large animal models (dog, pig, goat, and sheep) in order to facilitate standardization and applicability. Furthermore, it is intended to facilitate comparison across studies while discerning relevant differences between species within the context of outcomes with the Naomi N. Lee and Elias Salzer, contributed equally (shared first authorship); Julie B. Engiles and Marianna A. Tryfonidou contributed equally (shared last authorship)

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T2* mapping of ovine intervertebral discs: Normative data for cervical and lumbar spine

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Correlation between T2* (T2 star) relaxation time and cervical intervertebral disc degeneration

Correlation between T2* (T2 star) relaxation time and cervical intervertebral disc degeneration

T2* Mapping of the Adult Intervertebral Lumbar Disc: Normative Data and Analysis of Diurnal Effects

A comprehensive tool box for large animal studies of intervertebral disc degeneration

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