“…Additional scans may be obtained when necessary in lateral decubitus or oblique positions to adequately distend different stomach segments depending on the location of the tumor and the use of water or gas as the distension agent [ 26 , 50 ] . A recent study has shown that T staging of GC is not significantly affected by the use of either gas or water as the distending agent [ 51 ] . Figure 2Example illustrating the importance of distension of the stomach for determining the extent of GC.…”
Section: Staging Of Gcmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on the multilayered gastric wall appearance, several authors have proposed a CT T staging of GC [ 23 , 27 , 42 , 49 , 51–55 ] . Table 1 shows the pathologic T stages and MDCT T staging criteria modified to the latest TNM staging [ 18 , 51 ] . Focal thickening greater than 5 mm in a well-distended stomach is considered to indicate a neoplastic lesion [ 49 , 54 ] .…”
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgical resection is the only cure available and is dependent on the GC stage at presentation, which incorporates depth of tumor invasion, extent of lymph node and distant metastases. Accurate preoperative staging is therefore essential for optimal surgical management with consideration of preoperative and/or postoperative chemotherapy. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with its ability to assess tumor depth, nodal disease and metastases is the preferred technique for staging GC. Endoscopic ultrasonography is more accurate for assessing the depth of wall invasion in early cancer, but is limited in the assessment of advanced local or stenotic cancer and detection of distant metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although useful for staging, is not proven to be effective. Positron emission tomography (PET) is most useful for detecting and characterizing distant metastases. Both MDCT and PET are useful for assessment of treatment response following preoperative chemotherapy and for detection of recurrence after surgical resection. This review article discusses the usefulness of imaging modalities for detecting, staging and assessing treatment response for GC and the potential role of newer applications including CT volumetry, virtual gastroscopy and perfusion CT in the management of GC.
“…Additional scans may be obtained when necessary in lateral decubitus or oblique positions to adequately distend different stomach segments depending on the location of the tumor and the use of water or gas as the distension agent [ 26 , 50 ] . A recent study has shown that T staging of GC is not significantly affected by the use of either gas or water as the distending agent [ 51 ] . Figure 2Example illustrating the importance of distension of the stomach for determining the extent of GC.…”
Section: Staging Of Gcmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on the multilayered gastric wall appearance, several authors have proposed a CT T staging of GC [ 23 , 27 , 42 , 49 , 51–55 ] . Table 1 shows the pathologic T stages and MDCT T staging criteria modified to the latest TNM staging [ 18 , 51 ] . Focal thickening greater than 5 mm in a well-distended stomach is considered to indicate a neoplastic lesion [ 49 , 54 ] .…”
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgical resection is the only cure available and is dependent on the GC stage at presentation, which incorporates depth of tumor invasion, extent of lymph node and distant metastases. Accurate preoperative staging is therefore essential for optimal surgical management with consideration of preoperative and/or postoperative chemotherapy. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with its ability to assess tumor depth, nodal disease and metastases is the preferred technique for staging GC. Endoscopic ultrasonography is more accurate for assessing the depth of wall invasion in early cancer, but is limited in the assessment of advanced local or stenotic cancer and detection of distant metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although useful for staging, is not proven to be effective. Positron emission tomography (PET) is most useful for detecting and characterizing distant metastases. Both MDCT and PET are useful for assessment of treatment response following preoperative chemotherapy and for detection of recurrence after surgical resection. This review article discusses the usefulness of imaging modalities for detecting, staging and assessing treatment response for GC and the potential role of newer applications including CT volumetry, virtual gastroscopy and perfusion CT in the management of GC.
“…Local staging of gastric carcinoma is currently based on the computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) findings, but the depth of tumor invasion and the presence and extent of lymph node metastasis cannot be accurately appraised by these methods. The poor soft‐tissue contrast associated with CT does not permit evaluation of less extensive tumors, because CT is incapable of resolving the layers of the gastric wall , and the many inherent problems in EUS include a limited sonographic range, technical failures in stenotic tumors, high interoperator variability, and artifacts resulting from interface echoes in the gastric wall .…”
“…Histologically, the epithelial cells that line the mucosal surface of the stomach form numerous gastric pits that extend toward the depth of the muscularis mucosae; therefore, on the MR images, the epithelium and the lamina propria mucosae appear as a combined layer that is clearly separated from the muscularis mucosae. These findings clearly show that T2-weighted MR images acquired at 7.0 T are capable of depicting the tissue layers of the gastric wall more accurately than are the other currently available imaging modalities (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). It is particularly noteworthy that the muscularis mucosae layer in all 20 specimens (100%) was depicted as having an SI lower than that in other parts of the mucosa.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…However, while the advent of multidetector computed tomography (CT) has contributed to the reported improvement in the accuracy of local staging (3)(4)(5), CT does not allow evaluation of the depth of tumor invasion in the gastric wall because the poor soft-tissue contrast makes it impossible to resolve the layers of the gastric wall. Endoscopic ultrasonography (US) also entails many technical limitations, including a high failure rate in stenotic tumors, high operator dependency with a recognized learning curve, artifactual interface echoes in the gastric wall, and a limited sonographic range (4)(5)(6)(7).…”
Ex vivo 7.0-T MR imaging enables clear delineation of the gastric wall layers and clear differentiation of tumor tissue from fibrosis and allows one to assess the depth of mural invasion by gastric carcinomas.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
