T<scp>HE</scp> PCAST E<scp>NERGY</scp> S<scp>TUDIES</scp>: Toward a National Consensus on Energy Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment Policy

Holdren, John P.; Baldwin, Samuel F.

doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.391

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The magnitudes of investments required in each stage vary substantially; importantly, the costs of progressing from one stage to the next generally increase (NSB, 2010). Several studies claim that current levels of public (and private) investment in RE R&D are too low to address energy-related concerns including climate change (Schock et al, 1999;Holdren and Baldwin, 2001;Davis and Owens, 2003;Nemet and Kammen, 2007;Weiss and Bonvillian, 2009).…”

Section: Why and When Public Research And Development Is Neededmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy, Financing and Implementation

Mitchell¹,

Sawin²,

Pokharel³

et al. 2011

Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Why and When Public Research And Development Is Neededmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy, Financing and Implementation

Mitchell¹,

Sawin²,

Pokharel³

et al. 2011

Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the 1990s, the US President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) concluded 'world electricity use in particular is likely to triple by the year 2050' (Holdren and Baldwin 2001). Energy demand is expected to remain essentially constant in the US, Europe and Japan during this period.…”

Section: Icf: Energy Security and International Stability In The Twen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic compression of materials: metallization of fluid hydrogen at high pressures

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dynamic high pressure is 1 GPa (10 kbar) or greater with a rise time and a duration ranging from 1 ps (10 −12 s) to 1 µs (10 −6 s). Today it is possible in a laboratory to achieve pressures dynamically up to ∼500 GPa (5 Mbar) and greater, compressions as much as ∼15fold greater than initial density in the case of hydrogen and temperatures from ∼0.1 up to several electronvolts (11 600 K). At these conditions materials are extremely condensed semiconductors or degenerate metals. Temperature can be tuned independently of pressure by a combination of shock and isentropic compression. As a result, new opportunities are now available in condensed matter physics at extreme conditions. The basic physics of the dynamic process, experimental methods of generating and diagnosing matter at these extreme conditions and a technique to recover metastable materials intact from ∼100 GPa shock pressures are discussed.Results include (i) generation of pressure standards at static pressures up to ∼200 GPa (2 Mbar) at 300 K, (ii) single-shock compression of small-molecular fluids, including resolution of the recent controversy over the correct shock-compression curve of liquid D 2 at 100 GPa pressures, (iii) the first observations of metallization of fluid hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen compressed quasi-isentropically at 100 GPa pressures, (iv) implications for the interiors of giant planets within our solar system, extrasolar giant planets and brown dwarfs discovered recently and the equation of state of deuterium-tritium in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and (v) prospects of recovering novel materials from extreme conditions, such as metastable solid metallic hydrogen. Future research is suggested.

show abstract

“…R&D involves the discovery and assimilation of new scientific and technical knowledge (Holdren and Baldwin 2001). The research part of R&D includes studies of thermodynamics and computer modeling of NETs systems.…”

Section: Research and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative emissions—Part 3: Innovation and upscaling

Nemet

Callaghan

Creutzig

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

277

241

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We assess the literature on innovation and upscaling for negative emissions technologies (NETs) using a systematic and reproducible literature coding procedure. To structure our review, we employ the framework of sequential stages in the innovation process, with which we code each NETs article in innovation space. We find that while there is a growing body of innovation literature on NETs, 59% of the articles are focused on the earliest stages of the innovation process, 'research and development' (R&D). The subsequent stages of innovation are also represented in the literature, but at much lower levels of activity than R&D. Distinguishing between innovation stages that are related to the supply of the technology (R&D, demonstrations, scale up) and demand for the technology (demand pull, niche markets, public acceptance), we find an overwhelming emphasis (83%) on the supply side. BECCS articles have an above average share of demand-side articles while direct air carbon capture and storage has a very low share. Innovation in NETs has much to learn from successfully diffused technologies; appealing to heterogeneous users, managing policy risk, as well as understanding and addressing public concerns are all crucial yet not well represented in the extant literature. Results from integrated assessment models show that while NETs play a key role in the second half of the 21st century for 1.5 • C and 2 • C scenarios, the major period of new NETs deployment is between 2030 and 2050. Given that the broader innovation literature consistently finds long time periods involved in scaling up and deploying novel technologies, there is an urgency to developing NETs that is largely unappreciated. This challenge is exacerbated by the thousands to millions of actors that potentially need to adopt these technologies for them to achieve planetary scale. This urgency is reflected neither in the Paris Agreement nor in most of the literature we review here. If NETs are to be deployed at the levels required to meet 1.5 • C and 2 • C targets, then important post-R&D issues will need to be addressed in the literature, including incentives for early deployment, niche markets, scale-up, demand, and-particularly if deployment is to be hastened-public acceptance. Chen C and Tavoni M 2013 Direct air capture of CO 2 and climate stabilization: a model based assessment Clim. Change 118 59-72 Cheng N, Fürth M, Johnson M C, Tay Z Y, Shenoi R A and Wilson P A 2013 Engaging the community with a 'green town' concept Energy Procedia 37 7337-45 Choi S, Drese J H, Eisenberger P M and Jones C W 2011 Application of amine-tethered solid sorbents for direct CO 2 capture from the ambient air Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 2420-7 Coffman D M and Lockley A 2017 Carbon dioxide removal and the futures market Environ. Res. Lett. 12 015003 Cohen L R and Noll R G 1991 The Technology Pork Barrel (Washington: Brookings) Cohen W M, Goto A, Nagata A, Nelson R R and Walsh J R 2002 R&D spillovers, patents and the incentives to innovate in Japan and the United States Res. Policy ...

show abstract

THE PCAST ENERGY STUDIES: Toward a National Consensus on Energy Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment Policy

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Policy, Financing and Implementation

Policy, Financing and Implementation

Dynamic compression of materials: metallization of fluid hydrogen at high pressures

Negative emissions—Part 3: Innovation and upscaling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About