T-lymphocytes and Survival of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Mason, James; Kitchens, George G.; Eastham, R. Jack; Jennings, B. R.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1977.00780210079009

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…PBL are the least immunosuppressed population of effector cells. Early in the disease process, PBL respond normally to mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), or other stimuli, whereas with progression of cancer, these responses deteriorate 72,78–87 . Patients with early stage HNSCC have normal T‐cell counts and CD4:CD8 ratios in their peripheral blood, whereas patients with advanced disease have reduced counts, decreased numbers of CD4+ cells, and small reductions in CD8+ cells 77,78,88–94 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent linking of proteins and cytokines to suture: Enhancing the immune response of head and neck cancer patients

et al. 2003

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Backgrwund:The immune system of advanced stage head and neck cancer patients is frequently suppressed. Poor immune function has been correlated with poor clinical outcome. Immunotherapeutic strategies have been previously attempted in an effort to enhance immune function and improve survival. Previous studies have shown surgical suture can be transformed into an immune stimulant capable of activating the T lymphocytes of cancer patients. The development of a process for covalently linking proteins and cytokines to suture could have enormous potential for the in vivo manipulation of the immune system. Hypothesis: We hypothesize proteins and cytokines can be covalently linked to surgical suture while preserving their functional properties. Study Design: Prospective study testing normal donor and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient lymphocytes. Method. Polyester suture was acid hydrolyzed followed by reacting with l-ethyl-3(-3-dimethylamino propyl carbodiimide) (EDAC) to create a suture-EDAC intermediate. activity. The optimal conditions for linking 1C2 or m-7 were defined. The covalently linked cytokines retained their immune enhancing properties for stimulating PBL and lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) from HNSCC patients to proliferate, generate a TH1 immunologic profile of cytokines (IG2, IL-12, IFN-y), and stimulate T lymphocytes. Conclusion: This is the first report to demonstrate that cytokines can be covalently linked to surgical sutures and retain their immune-stimulating properties. Proteins linked to suture also retained their enzymatic activity. The clinical implications of functionally active cytokines or proteins linked to surgical suture may be very significant in the future for manipulating the immune system in vivo o r enhancing wound healing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent linking of proteins and cytokines to suture: Enhancing the immune response of head and neck cancer patients

et al. 2003

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“…More partic ularly, this has been shown regarding the regional lymph node histology [Berlinger et al, 1976;Zechner, 1975] and the stroma reaction around the tumor [Zechner, 1975;Sala and Ferlito, 1976]; similarly, the absolute lymphocyte count tends to be somewhat lower in patients who will relapse after primary treatment though the predictive value of this variable seems reportedly to be more marked in DNCB-negative patients [Gilbert et al, 1978;Maisel andOgura, 1973, 1976] . T lymphocyte levels have been found to be of some prognostic value [Stefani et al, 1976], but not if the tumor stage is taken into account [Mason et al, 1977] , and B lymphocyte levels seemed to have some prognostic significance as well in a series of 28 patients with various stages of nonmetastasized disease [Stefani et al, 1976]. Serum blocking activity, as assessed in the colony inhibition test with cultured target cells, ap peared to be more frequently associated with later tumor recurrences than the absence of such activity in one study [Kennedy, 1975].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of Primarily Treated Localized Laryngeal Carcinoma Ameliorated through Levamisole Treatment

Mussche¹,

Kluyskens²

1980

Oncology

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A placebo-controlled treatment with the immunorestorative agent levamisole as an adjuvant to surgery and/or radiation was evaluated in a pilot study of 24 patients with squamous cell cancer of the larynx or hypopharynx. During the randomized treatment, started as close as possible to the beginning of the operation or to the irradiation sessions, 12 patients received a placebo and the 12 others levamisole in a dose of 50 mg t.i.d. for 3 consecutive days every 2 weeks. The recurrence rate in the control group was 50% after about 20 months and in the levamisole group only 20% after 2 years which is a significant difference. Also regarding cancer deaths there was a trend to the advantage of levamisole. The most promising effects were seen in patients with stages III or IV. Some evidence was found that an early start might be decisive for an optimal effect of levamisole. The beneficial effect of levamisole was only seen in the group of patients with a low pretreatment level of circulating lymphocytes.

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“…Although some reports contradict our observations in that they state the circulating CD8+ cells in NPC models do not seem to mediate nonspecific suppression of CMI and NPC patients possess high number of activated circulating cells (express HLA-DR molecule and IL-2 receptors) and a hyperproduction of IL-2 occurs when their PBL are stimulated in vitro with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) [17] . On the other hand, some other reports revealed that CD8+ cells in HNCA patients might predominantly be of suppressor type towards T-effecter helper activity and NK cells cytotoxicity [8,9,18] . The pivotal idea got from the PBL phenotyping was that all HNCA patients were immunosuppressed when compared with the control group.…”

Section: --------------------------------------------------------mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…PBL CD markering is one of the main approaches that has been used to clarify the lines of immune defense mechanisms that exert an active role in the defense against tumor cells of HNCA [7] . It has been established that CD8+ cells are of a role in inducing immune suppression state in HNCA patients [8,9] . There was no previous study showed clearly the interlink between the lymphocytic immune cells in the immunosuprressed HNCA patients and the remarkable decline of CMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Better Understanding of the Immunosuppressive Link between the Lymphocytic Immune Cells and the Decreased Cell Mediated Immunity in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Abdulamir¹,

Hafidh²,

Abdulmuhaimen³

et al. 2008

American J. of Immunology

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to determine the phenotyping of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (PBL) in Head and Neck Cancers (HNCA) patients and to relate this with the level of Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) measured by in vitro lymphoproliferative assay, in order to evaluate immune suppression in HNCA patients and its possible mechanisms. Accordingly, one hundred twenty two HNCA patients and 100 control subjects were enrolled in this study. HNCA patients were classified into 42 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 66 carcinoma of larynx and 14 Hypo Pharyngeal Carcinoma (HPC). For measuring CMI, Microculture Tetrazolium assay (MTT) was applied on the freshly isolated lymphocytes of HNCA patients and control group. Immunophenotyping of PBL was carried out for monitoring the blood level of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+ cells in HNCA patients in comparison with controls. The results of both assays have been integrated, revealed the presence of remarked immune suppression in HNCA patients in comparison with the controls, especially for NasoPharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) patients who were immunosuppressed more than other studied HNCA types. Surprisingly, NPC group showed the lowest CMI level along with the highest level of PBL subsets, particularly NPC patients expressed the highest level of CD8+ cells among HNCA. It was inferred that CD8+ cells were more likely immune suppressor rather than cytotoxic cells and this is the principal factor for inducing sustained immunosuppression in HNCA and in NPC in particular. Furthermore CD4/CD8 ratio proved to be a reliable index for assessing the immunological status of HNCA patients and more dependable index than other immunity-evaluating factors.

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T-lymphocytes and Survival of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Covalent linking of proteins and cytokines to suture: Enhancing the immune response of head and neck cancer patients

Covalent linking of proteins and cytokines to suture: Enhancing the immune response of head and neck cancer patients

Prognosis of Primarily Treated Localized Laryngeal Carcinoma Ameliorated through Levamisole Treatment

Better Understanding of the Immunosuppressive Link between the Lymphocytic Immune Cells and the Decreased Cell Mediated Immunity in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

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