T-lymphocyte polyclonal proliferation: Effects of stress and stress response style on medical students taking national board examinations

Workman, Edward A.; Via, Mariano F. La

doi:10.1016/0090-1229(87)90140-1

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In vitro measures of immune function, such as lymphocyte proliferation to mitogen, have also been shown to be susceptible to stress-induced alterations [12,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. These functional assays give a better indication of immune status than the enumerative methods, as proliferation in response to antigen is a key component of the immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response to vaccination and psychosocial stress in humans: relationships and mechanisms

Burns

Carroll

Ring

et al. 2003

Vaccine

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The purpose of this review is to determine the effects of psychosocial stress on antibody response to vaccination in humans, consider possible mechanisms, and identify agenda for future research. Studies of the association between stress and vaccination response in humans were reviewed. There is evidence of a negative association between stress and antibody response to vaccination, which is most apparent with thymusdependent vaccines and when measured at extended times after vaccination. Preliminary findings implicate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system as potential mechanisms, although a role for unhealthy behaviours cannot be discounted at this stage. Results to date are sufficiently indicative to direct future research to untangling their theoretical ramifications, as well as realising their clinical implications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response to vaccination and psychosocial stress in humans: relationships and mechanisms

Burns

Carroll

Ring

et al. 2003

Vaccine

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“…Moss et al, 1989Jacobs et al, 2001Segerstrom, 2001Mulder et al, 1995Jern et al, 1989Segerstrom et al, 1998Patterson et al, 1995Johnson et al, 1996Song et al, 1999Perry et al, 1992Kamei et al, 1998 Uchakin et al Shea et al, 1991Marsland et al, 1995 Whitehouse et al, 1996 Thomason et al, 1996Wolf et al, 1994Thornton et al, 2000McDonald & Yagi, 1960Workman & La Via, 1987Vialettes et al, 1989Miller, Dopp, et al, 1999Zautra et al, 1989Mills, Berry, et al, 1995…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Stress and the Human Immune System: A Meta-Analytic Study of 30 Years of Inquiry.

Segerstrom

Miller

2004

Psychological Bulletin

2,599

1,845

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The present report meta-analyzes more than 300 empirical articles describing a relationship between psychological stress and parameters of the immune system in human participants. Acute stressors (lasting minutes) were associated with potentially adaptive upregulation of some parameters of natural immunity and downregulation of some functions of specific immunity. Brief naturalistic stressors (such as exams) tended to suppress cellular immunity while preserving humoral immunity. Chronic stressors were associated with suppression of both cellular and humoral measures. Effects of event sequences varied according to the kind of event (trauma vs. loss). Subjective reports of stress generally did not associate with immune change. In some cases, physical vulnerability as a function of age or disease also increased vulnerability to immune change during stressors.Since the dawn of time, organisms have been subject to evolutionary pressure from the environment. The ability to respond to environmental threats or stressors such as predation or natural disaster enhanced survival and therefore reproductive capacity, and physiological responses that supported such responses could be selected for. In mammals, these responses include changes that increase the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the heart and the large skeletal muscles. The result is physiological support for adaptive behaviors such as "fight or flight." Immune responses to stressful situations may be part of these adaptive responses because, in addition to the risk inherent in the situation (e.g., a predator), fighting and fleeing carries the risk of injury and subsequent entry of infectious agents into the bloodstream or skin. Any wound in the skin is likely to contain pathogens that could multiply and cause infection (Williams & Leaper, 1998). Stress-induced changes in the immune system that could accelerate wound repair and help prevent infections from taking hold would therefore be adaptive and selected along with other physiological changes that increased evolutionary fitness.Modern humans rarely encounter many of the stimuli that commonly evoked fight-or-flight responses for their ancestors, such as predation or inclement weather without protection. However, human physiological response continues to reflect the demands of earlier environments. Threats that do not require a physical response (e.g., academic exams) may therefore have physical consequences, including changes in the immune system. Indeed, over the past 30 years, more than 300 studies have been done on stress and immunity in humans, and together they have shown that psychological challenges are capable of modifying various features of the immune response. In this article we attempt to consolidate empirical knowledge about psychological stress and the human immune system through meta-analysis. Both the construct of stress and the human immune system are complex, and both could consume bookCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Suzanne C. Segerstrom, Department of Ps...

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“…In some cases a threshold is even fired by other IDSs in a chain reaction; for instance, the NIR can lead to the APR, which can lead to the SR. Conditioning-associative learningamong the central nervous, immune, and endocrine systems has been documented and reviewed (8)(9)(10). For instance, selective immune parameters can be trained to change with central nervous system (CNS)-endocrine signals derived from taste (11), smell (12), audiovisual signals (13), and psychologic stress (8,(14)(15)(16). CNS-endocrine emotions such as fear (17) can be conditioned to perceptions (sound, context), and CNS-endocrine symptoms such as anxiety, sleep disorders, irritability, and depression have been suggested to be classically conditioned responses to environmental odors (18).…”

Section: Integrated Defense Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Defense System Overlaps as a Disease Model: With Examples for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Rowat¹

1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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T-lymphocyte polyclonal proliferation: Effects of stress and stress response style on medical students taking national board examinations

Cited by 55 publications

References 8 publications

Antibody response to vaccination and psychosocial stress in humans: relationships and mechanisms

Antibody response to vaccination and psychosocial stress in humans: relationships and mechanisms

Psychological Stress and the Human Immune System: A Meta-Analytic Study of 30 Years of Inquiry.

Integrated Defense System Overlaps as a Disease Model: With Examples for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

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