T helper cells subtypes and their cytokine gene expression affected by carvacrol in sensitized mice administered during sensitization period

Kianmehr, Majid; Rezaee, Abdolrahim; Mahmoudi, Mahmoud; Ghorani, Vahideh; Boskabady, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1002/jcb.27812

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Treatment with CAR significantly reduced Th2 and Th17 population as well as gene expression of IL-4, IL-17, and TGF-β but increased Treg cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, gene expressions of FOXP3 and IFN-γ during sensitization period in mice. 38 CAR also increased viral titer compared to the RSV-PBS group, 62 but decreased levels of TLR7, MyD88, NF-κB, and IRF mRNA in virus infected model. 63 The molecular dynamic simulation studies indicated that molecular interactions between CAR and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 together with the cellular proteases TMPRSS2, showed that the CAR could inhibit the entry of the virus to the host cells.…”

Section: The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Carmentioning

confidence: 80%

Experimental and clinical evidence on the effect of carvacrol on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders: A comprehensive review

2022

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Carvacrol (CAR) showed various pharmacological and therapeutic effects in different disorders. In the current article, the experimental and clinical effects of CAR on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders are described. Various databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, were searched regarding the effects of CAR on respiratory and allergic disorders until the end of October 2021. CAR showed the relaxant effect, with various possible mechanisms suggesting the bronchodilatory effect in obstructive pulmonary diseases. The preventive effects of CAR on experimental animal models of respiratory diseases were shown through mechanisms such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti‐inflammatory. CAR also showed therapeutic potential on lung cancer, lung infections, and allergic and immunologic disorders. Clinical studies also revealed therapeutic effects of CAR on asthma, sulfur‐mustard‐induced lug disorders, and some other allergic and immunologic diseases. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of CAR indicate possible remedy effects of this agent in the treatment of respiratory, allergic, and immunologic diseases.

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Section: The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Carmentioning

confidence: 80%

Experimental and clinical evidence on the effect of carvacrol on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders: A comprehensive review

2022

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“…All changes were seen for the plant and its constituents on the mice model of asthma were similar to dexamethasone or inhaled fluticasone propionate. In fact, steroid drugs were not affected Th1 cytokines, and the effects of Z. multiflora and its constituent, carvacrol, on Th1/Th2 imbalance were more specific than standard antiinflammatory drugs, which is the novel findings and strength of the study (Kianmehr, Haghmorad, et al, 2017;Kianmehr, Rezaee, Mahmoudi, Ghorani, & Boskabady, 2019).…”

Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 81%

The effect of Zataria multiflora on respiratory allergic and immunologic disorders, experimental and clinical evidence: A comprehensive review

Ghorani

Beigoli

Khazdair

et al. 2022

Phytotherapy Research

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Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) is used in traditional and modern medicine for therapeutic objectives especially in respiratory disorders. Therefore, updated experimental and clinical studies on the effects of Z. multiflora on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders are reviewed. Various electronic search engines including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using appropriate keywords until the end of November 2021. Books, thesis-hard copies of some articles were also included. The effects of Z. multiflora on respiratory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung infection, and lung cancer were shown. Extracts of Z. multiflora showed the relaxant effect with various mechanisms. The preventive effects of Z. multiflora were also demonstrated by mechanisms such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiinflammatory properties in the experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases. Carvacrol and thymol are probably responsible for the therapeutic effect of plant among 56 constituents of Z. multiflora. In addition, bronchodilatory and preventive effects of the plant and its constituents on asthma, COPD, lung disorders due to noxious agents and allergic and immunologic disorders were shown in the clinical studies. Therefore Z. multiflora and its constituents may be considered as a preventive and/or relieving therapy in various respiratory diseases.

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“…Although, notably, the dose of carvacrol and the time of its applying are crucial, its effects could be various in the different study contexts. For example, while Mahmoodi et al showed that carvacrol at the concentration of 5 and 10 (mg/kg) led to a decrease of IFN-γ and increase of TGF-β levels in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice (22), Kianmehr et al implicated the opposite effects, in which the level of IFN-γ increased, however, TGF-β decreased in mice that were sensitized by ovalbumin and treated with 75, 150, and 300 µg/mL concentrations of carvacrol (14). Silva Lima et al indicated that carvacrol has no effects on the TNF-α level in the treated mice at a concentration of 50 and 100 mg/kg (12), but the study on the mice that faced the carrageenan-induced hyper nociceptions, showed that carvacrol caused the decrease of TNF-α level (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the mechanisms of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of carvacrol are not clear completely (12), it has been discovered that carvacrol reduces the recruitment of immune cells, especially neutrophils (13). Furthermore, it has been shown that it increases IL-10 production and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 as well as Th1/Th2 (12,14). Here, we studied carvacrol as an herbal immunomodulator on RSV infection outcome in a mice model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of carvacrol on respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice model: caution in the use of herbal medicines

Faraji-Zonouz

Khodakhah

Tavakoli

et al. 2021

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viruses associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, and the elderly. Due to a lack of effective anti-viral drugs or vaccines, using an immunomodulatory strategy is probably the best option to decrease the burden of RSV disease. Here, we studied carvacrol as a known immunomodulator on RSV infection outcome in a mice model. Materials and Methods: Balb/c mice were infected by intranasal inoculation of RSV-A2, and treatment started daily 24 h after infection. Mice were sacrificed on day five after infection and experimental analyses were performed to study airway immune cell influx, CD4 and CD8 subtypes, cytokine/chemokine secretion, lung histopathology, and viral load. Results: Results showed that using carvacrol enhanced immune cell influx, cytokine/chemokine production, and virus titer, and aggravated lung pathology. Our result showed that carvacrol administration increased viral titer compared to the RSV- PBS group. Also, carvacrol significantly induced IFN-γ production and did not induce IL-10 production. Besides, carvacrol non-significantly increased lymphocytes and monocytes count but did not affect the neutrophil count. Conclusion: Carvacrol at the concentration of 80 (mg/kg) did not show immunomodulatory activity to alleviate the RSV infection outcome. Further research is needed to uncover the effects of the carvacrol intervention on virus replication and immune responses following RSV infection. Many herbal remedies in use contain carvacrol. However, the use of herbal remedies to treat viral respiratory infections such as RSV has to be performed with caution.

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T helper cells subtypes and their cytokine gene expression affected by carvacrol in sensitized mice administered during sensitization period

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Experimental and clinical evidence on the effect of carvacrol on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders: A comprehensive review

Experimental and clinical evidence on the effect of carvacrol on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders: A comprehensive review

The effect of Zataria multiflora on respiratory allergic and immunologic disorders, experimental and clinical evidence: A comprehensive review

The effect of carvacrol on respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice model: caution in the use of herbal medicines

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