T-Helper 1 and T-Helper 2 Cytokine Responses in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Following Enteric Reovirus Infection

Fan, Jin-Yuan; Boyce, Christopher; Cuff, Christopher F.

doi:10.1006/cimm.1998.1350

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The reasons for the split in effector activities (i.e., ex vivo cytotoxic activity in the absence of IFN-␥ synthesis) by IELs that have not received a CD3-mediated signal is curious. However, clearly IELs can be induced to secrete IFN-␥ as reported in this study and as seen in studies of mice infected orally with reovirus in which there was an increase in IFN-␥ message in IELs following infection (23). Similarly, IFN-␥ mRNA and secreted IFN-␥ have been reported for IELs following oral Listeria monocytogenes infection (24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Most Murine CD8+ Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Are Partially But Not Fully Activated T Cells

Wang

Zhou

Dragoo

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

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Murine small intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) bear properties of both activated and nonactivated T cells, although the significance of that dichotomy remains unclear. In this study, we show that although IELs express CD69 in situ and ex vivo, and have cytotoxic activity ex vivo, most CD8+ IELs from normal mice are phenotypically similar to naive T cells in that they are CD45RBhigh, CD44low/int, and lack or have low levels of expression of CD25, Ly-6C, OX40, Fas ligand (FasL), and intracellular IFN-γ synthesis. Unlike CD8+ lymph node cells, IELs express high levels of the FasL gene, but do not express surface FasL until after CD3-mediated stimulation has occurred. Additionally, anti-CD3 stimulation of IELs in the presence of actinomycin-D did not inhibit FasL expression, suggesting that regulation FasL expression on IELs is controlled at least partially at the posttranscriptional level. Following CD3-mediated stimulation, IELs synthesize and secrete IFN-γ more rapidly and to greater levels than CD8+ lymph node cells, and they acquire the phenotype of fully activated effector cells as seen by an up-regulation of CD44, Ly-6C, OX40, FasL, and CD25 with the kinetics of memory T cells, with down-regulation of CD45RB expression. These findings indicate that contrary to previous interpretations, most small intestine IELs are not fully activated T cells, but rather that they are semiactivated T cells ready to shift to a fully activated state once a CD3-mediated signal has been received. These data also imply that under appropriate conditions it is possible for T cells to be sustained in a state of partial activation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Most Murine CD8+ Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Are Partially But Not Fully Activated T Cells

Wang

Zhou

Dragoo

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

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“…An increased number of CD8 + T-cells suggests a cytotoxic activity. Although we have no convincing data to support the role of these cells in the clearance of ARVS, others have also observed an increase in the number of CD8 + T-cells [13], and T-helper 1 cells [4] in mice infected with reoviruses. Pertile et al [18] suggest that macrophages play a role in the protection of cells by cytopathic effects of nitric oxide production on the host cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Enteropathogenicity of Dutch and German avian reoviruses in SPF white leghorn chickens and broilers

Songserm

Roozelaar²,

Kant³

et al. 2003

Vet. Res.

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-The enteropathogenicity of avian reoviruses (ARVs), isolated from chickens affected with malabsorption syndrome (MAS) from The Netherlands and Germany was studied. In the first trial seven different ARVs isolated from MAS cases were inoculated in 1-day-old specific pathogenic free (SPF) white leghorns. The pathogenicity was compared with 2 ARVs isolated from cases of tenosynovitis, namely reference strain S1133 and a Dutch strain. Although a difference in the severity of the clinical disease was observed, all reoviruses could induce vacuolar degeneration and sloughing of the epithelium of the small intestine at day 2 post inoculation (PI) till day 7 PI. Two Dutch and one German ARV derived from MAS causing the most severe intestinal lesions at day 2 PI, were further studied in the second trial using SPF broilers. These reoviruses did not cause weight gain depression in the broilers although lesions in the small intestine were present from day 1 up to day 4 PI and were more severe than in the white leghorn chickens. In one of the inoculated groups apical denuded villi were already present at day 1 PI. At day 7 PI the small intestine of the infected broilers appeared to be normal. Reovirus antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of the enterocytes at the tip and middle section of the affected villi both in layers and in broilers. To study the role of intestinal CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells and macrophages/monocytes in the pathogenesis of ARV, the numbers of these cells of the jejunal villi of one infected and the control broiler groups were compared. CD4 + T-cells were detected in low numbers and only in the infected broiler group at day 14 PI. The numbers of CD8 + T-cells and macrophages/monocytes were significantly higher in the infected broiler group than in the control broiler group at day 7 and 14 PI and at day 7 PI respectively. Our study indicates that the reovirus alone cannot induce intestinal lesions as found in MAS chickens. Moreover, CD8 + T-cells may play a major role in the pathogenesis and or reovirus clearance in the small intestine. malabsorption syndrome / runting-stunting syndrome / reovirus / enteropathogenicity / chicken

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“…After oral ingestion of reovirus type 1 Lang (T1L), the outer capsid of native virions is processed by proteases in the lumen of the intestine (5, 7), resulting in intermediate subviral particles (ISVPs) that adhere selectively to M-cell surfaces (2). Adherent viruses are transcytosed in vesicles to the intraepithelial M-cell pocket and the subepithelial tissue, and over the next 2 days, reovirus replicates in cells of the Peyer's patch mucosa (17,42). In neonates, the infection then spreads systemically, but in adult mice the infection is usually limited to the mucosa, although viral antigens and/or antigen-sensitized cells later appear in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adherent viruses are transcytosed in vesicles to the intraepithelial M-cell pocket and the subepithelial tissue, and over the next 2 days, reovirus replicates in cells of the Peyer's patch mucosa (17,42). In neonates, the infection then spreads systemically, but in adult mice the infection is usually limited to the mucosa, although viral antigens and/or antigen-sensitized cells later appear in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen (17). Infection of adult mice by reovirus T1L results in host immune responses that include specific serum IgG, S-IgA, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (26,27,46,58), and the infection is cleared within about 10 days (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Immunoglobulin A in Protection against Reovirus Entry into Murine Peyer's Patches

Silvey

Hutchings

Vajdy

et al. 2001

J Virol

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T-Helper 1 and T-Helper 2 Cytokine Responses in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Following Enteric Reovirus Infection

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Most Murine CD8+ Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Are Partially But Not Fully Activated T Cells

Most Murine CD8+ Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Are Partially But Not Fully Activated T Cells

Enteropathogenicity of Dutch and German avian reoviruses in SPF white leghorn chickens and broilers

Role of Immunoglobulin A in Protection against Reovirus Entry into Murine Peyer's Patches

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