T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people with and without neurologic symptoms of long COVID

Visvabharathy, Lavanya; Hanson, Barbara A.; Orban, Zachary S.; Lim, Patrick H.; Palacio, Nicole; Jain, Rishi; Liotta, Eric M.; Penaloza-MacMaster, Pablo; Koralnik, Igor J.

doi:10.1101/2021.08.08.21261763

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The observation of different immunological pro les at the time of hospitalization among patients who exhibited anosognosia of memory functions 69 months after infection supports the hypothesis of indirect CNS damage mediated by immune phenomena 19 , which then fosters the development of longterm cognitive de cits 44,45 . SARS-CoV-2 infection may have induced a different immunological response balance in the group of post-COVID-19 long-term anosognosic patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Monocytosis in the Acute Phase of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Predicts the Presence of Anosognosia for Cognitive Deficits in the Chronic Phase

Nuber-Champier

Voruz

Alcântara

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Altered awareness of neuropsychological disorders (i.e., anosognosia) is a striking symptom of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Some leukocytes markers in the acute phase might predict the presence of anosognosia in the chronic phase, but they have not been identified yet. This study aims to determine whether patients with anosognosia for their memory deficits in the chronic phase present specific leukocytes distribution in the acute phase, and if so, whether these leukocytes parameters could predict this anosognosia. First, we compare the acute immunological data of the leukocytes distribution of 20 patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 who displayed anosognosia 69 months after SARS-Cov-2 infection (230.25 ± 46.65 days) versus 41 patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 without developing anosognosia. Second, we performed a ROC analysis to evaluate the predictive value of the leukocytes markers that emerged from this comparison. Blood circulating monocytes (%) at the acute phase of SARS-CoV2 infection is associated with long term post-COVID-19 anosognosia. Finally, serology on admission showing a percentage rate of monocytes of 7.35% of the total number of leukocytes, seems to predict the presence of chronic anosognosia for 6–9 months after infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Monocytosis in the Acute Phase of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Predicts the Presence of Anosognosia for Cognitive Deficits in the Chronic Phase

Nuber-Champier

Voruz

Alcântara

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“… 4 The naïve CD4+ lymphopenia and the decreased absolute number of Th17 reflect a global defect in the T helper compartment with a reduced viral clearance capacity as was shown in patients with post‐COVID‐19 neurologic symptoms. 5 A low proportion of naïve CD4+ T cells is also associated with a good prognosis in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 6 and therefore our data may also reflect the survival status of patients with COVID‐19. It has been suggested that post‐COVID‐19 syndrome shares clinical and immunological features with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia, 7 including increased levels of IL‐1β, lower expression of activation markers in T cells and a dysregulated B‐cell compartment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

FANSY POSTCOV: A composite clinical immunological predictive index for post‐COVID‐19 syndrome unveils distinctive features in a cohort study of mild to critical patients

Torres-Ruíz

Lomelín-Gascón²,

Lira-Luna

et al. 2021

Clinical & Translational Med

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“…Other studies in mice have demonstrated that poor T cell response underlies severe disease upon SARS-CoV infection 29,30 . T cell dysfunction has also been implicated in poor outcomes in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 31 . These studies make a strong case for monitoring the T cell clones that respond to vaccines/infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The T cell receptor repertoire reflects the dynamics of the immune response to vaccination

Mohammed

Meadows²,

Hekmaty

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Early, high-resolution metrics are needed to ascertain the immune response to vaccinations. The T cell receptor (TCR), a heterodimer of one α and one β chain, is a promising target, with the complete TCR repertoire reflecting the T cells present in an individual. To this end, we developed Tseek, an unbiased and accurate method for profiling the TCR repertoire by sequencing the TCR α and β chains and developing a suite of tools for repertoire analysis. An added advantage is the ability to non-invasively analyze T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Tseek and the analytical suite were used to explore the T cell response to both the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (n=9) and the seasonal inactivated Influenza vaccine (n=5) at several time points. Neutralizing antibody titers were also measured in the covid vaccine samples. The COVID-19 vaccine elicited a broad T cell response involving multiple expanded clones, whereas the Influenza vaccine elicited a narrower response involving fewer clones. Many distinct T cell clones responded at each time point, over a month, providing temporal details lacking in the antibody measurements, especially before the antibodies are detectable. In individuals recovered from a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the first vaccine dose elicited a robust T cell response, while the second dose elicited a comparatively weaker response, indicating a saturation of the response. The physical symptoms experienced by the recipients immediately following the vaccinations were not indicative of the TCR/antibody responses, while a weak TCR response seemed to presage a weak antibody response. We also found that the TCR repertoire acts as an individual fingerprint: donors of blood samples taken years apart could be identified solely based upon their TCR repertoire, hinting at other surprising uses the TCR repertoire may have. These results demonstrate the promise of TCR repertoire sequencing as an early and sensitive measure of the adaptive immune response to vaccination, which can help improve immunogen selection and optimize vaccine dosage and spacing between doses.

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T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people with and without neurologic symptoms of long COVID

Cited by 48 publications

References 127 publications

Monocytosis in the Acute Phase of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Predicts the Presence of Anosognosia for Cognitive Deficits in the Chronic Phase

Monocytosis in the Acute Phase of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Predicts the Presence of Anosognosia for Cognitive Deficits in the Chronic Phase

FANSY POSTCOV: A composite clinical immunological predictive index for post‐COVID‐19 syndrome unveils distinctive features in a cohort study of mild to critical patients

The T cell receptor repertoire reflects the dynamics of the immune response to vaccination

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