T-Cell Responses Induced by an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster Following Primary Vaccination with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Sophonmanee, Ratchanon; Ongarj, Jomkwan; Seeyankem, Bunya; Seepathomnarong, Purilap; Intapiboon, Porntip; Surasombatpattana, Smonrapat; Uppanisakorn, Supattra; Sangsupawanich, Pasuree; Chusri, Sarunyou; Pinpathomrat, Nawamin

doi:10.3390/vaccines10091494

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Considering the systemic side effects and limited availability of ID injections of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines, the administration of one-fifth of the normal dose is, therefore, a suitable alternative vaccine administration regimen. This route of immunization requires fewer vaccines and effectively stimulates the immune system with minimal systemic side effects [ 20 , 21 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study

Sophonmanee,

Preampruchcha,

Ongarj

et al. 2024

Vaccines

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The administration of viral vector and mRNA vaccine booster effectively induces humoral and cellular immune responses. Effector T cell responses after fractional intradermal (ID) vaccination are comparable to those after intramuscular (IM) boosters. Here, we quantified T cell responses after booster vaccination. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induced higher numbers of S1-specific CD8+ memory T cells, consistent with the antibody responses. Effector memory T cell phenotypes elicited by mRNA vaccination showed a similar trend to those elicited by the viral vector vaccine booster. Three months post-vaccination, cytokine responses remained detectable, confirming effector T cell responses induced by both vaccines. The ID fractional dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 elicited higher effector CD8+ T cell responses than IM vaccination. This study confirmed that an ID dose-reduction vaccination strategy effectively stimulates effector memory T cell responses. ID injection could be an improved approach for effective vaccination programs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study

Sophonmanee,

Preampruchcha,

Ongarj

et al. 2024

Vaccines

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Immunological equivalence of intradermal to the standard intramuscular routes was demonstrated in many vaccines [ 35 , 36 ]; some (i.e., influenza and polio vaccines) have been proven safe and efficacious in immunocompromised hosts [ 37 , 38 ]. With these promising historical data and their tendency towards lower systemic adverse reactions compared to the intramuscular counterpart, the fID COVID-19 vaccines have attracted great attention from the general public [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 39 , 40 ]. Many forms of fractionated intradermal COVID-19 vaccines (i.e., ChAdOx1-nCoV-19, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273) were proven adequately immunogenic in healthy populations [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of Intradermal Versus Intramuscular BNT162b2 COVID-19 Booster Vaccine in Patients with Immune-Mediated Dermatologic Diseases: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial

Seree-aphinan,

Rattanakaemakorn,

Suchonwanit

et al. 2024

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The intradermal route has emerged as a dose-sparing alternative during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite its efficacy in healthy populations, its immunogenicity has not been tested in immune-mediated dermatologic disease (IMDD) patients. This assessor-blinded, randomized-controlled, non-inferiority trial recruited patients with two representative IMDDs (i.e., psoriasis and autoimmune bullous diseases) to vaccinate with fractionated-dose intradermal (fID) or standard intramuscular (sIM) BNT162b2 vaccines as a fourth booster dose under block randomization stratified by age, sex, and their skin diseases. Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and interferon-γ responses measured 4 and 12 weeks post-intervention were serological surrogates used for demonstrating treatment effects. Mean differences in log-normalized outcome estimates were calculated with multivariable linear regression adjusting for their baseline values, systemic immunosuppressants used, and prior COVID-19 vaccination history. The non-inferiority margin was set for fID to retain >80% immunogenicity of sIM. With 109 participants included, 53 received fID (all entered an intention-to-treat analysis). The fID demonstrated non-inferiority to sIM in humoral (mean outcome estimates of sIM: 3.3, ΔfID-sIM [mean, 95%CI]: −0.1, −0.3 to 0.0) and cellular (mean outcome estimates of sIM: 3.2, ΔfID-sIM [mean, 95%CI]: 0.1, −0.2 to 0.3) immunogenicity outcomes. Two psoriasis patients from the fID arm (3.8%) developed injection-site Koebner’s phenomenon. Fewer fID recipients experienced post-vaccination fever (fID vs. sIM: 1.9% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.027). The overall incidence of disease flare-ups was low without a statistically significant difference between groups. The intradermal BNT162b2 vaccine is a viable booster option for IMDD patients troubled by post-vaccination fever; its role in mitigating the risk of flare-ups remains unclear.

show abstract

“…injection of one-fifth of the dose and i.m. injection of the full dose induced almost comparable humoral and cellular immune responses against the spike protein [ 121 , 173 ]. Notably, i.d.…”

Section: Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA vaccine designs for optimal adjuvanticity and delivery

Mochida,

Uchida

2024

RNA Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adjuvanticity and delivery are crucial facets of mRNA vaccine design. In modern mRNA vaccines, adjuvant functions are integrated into mRNA vaccine nanoparticles, allowing the co-delivery of antigen mRNA and adjuvants in a unified, all-in-one formulation. In this formulation, many mRNA vaccines utilize the immunostimulating properties of mRNA and vaccine carrier components, including lipids and polymers, as adjuvants. However, careful design is necessary, as excessive adjuvanticity and activation of improper innate immune signalling can conversely hinder vaccination efficacy and trigger adverse effects. mRNA vaccines also require delivery systems to achieve antigen expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) within lymphoid organs. Some vaccines directly target APCs in the lymphoid organs, while others rely on APCs migration to the draining lymph nodes after taking up mRNA vaccines. This review explores the current mechanistic understanding of these processes and the ongoing efforts to improve vaccine safety and efficacy based on this understanding.

show abstract

T-Cell Responses Induced by an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster Following Primary Vaccination with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study

Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study

Immunogenicity of Intradermal Versus Intramuscular BNT162b2 COVID-19 Booster Vaccine in Patients with Immune-Mediated Dermatologic Diseases: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial

mRNA vaccine designs for optimal adjuvanticity and delivery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About