T cell‐independent development of B memory cells

Diamantstein, Tibor; Blitstein-Willinger, E

doi:10.1002/eji.1830041212

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This confirms the suggestions of others [11,14,20] that antibody production and memory cell induction are independ ent events.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Hamaoka et al [16] and Okudaira and Ishizaka [21] have shown that B cells have the most critical need for adjuvant stimulus for IgE production, and that T helper cells do not require the action of the adjuvant. The induc tion of B memory cells in the absence of T cells has been demonstrated by Diamantstein and BlitsteinWillinger [11], Thus, the 13-cRA may be having a dual effect, that of an adjuvant to prime B memory cell in duction, and in some way blocking the primary anti body response. Rhodes and Oliver [23] demonstrated that retinoids are capable of affecting macrophages by decreasing the level of Fc receptors on their sur face.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunomodulating Effects of 13-cis Retinoic Acid on the IgG and IgM Response of BALB/c Mice

Barnett¹

1983

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The results reported here provide information on the effects of 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cRA) on the IgG and IgM responses in BALB/c mice. For these studies, a suboptimum immunizing concentration of ovalbumin (1 μg) was used. BALB/c mice were given either 13-cRA or control beadlets (gel) as either 1 dose (at day ––1) or 4 doses (at week ––3, ––2, ––1, and day ––1) prior to primary immunization, or 4 doses prior to, and 4 doses after, primary immunization (week ––3, ––2, ––1, day ––1, week 1, 2, 3, and day 27). The results consistently showed no primary antibody response and excellent secondary antibody levels in all 13-cRA-treated groups. Attempts to determine whether the 13-cRA affected the afferent or efferent phase of antibody induction by varying the time of the administration of a single 13-cRA dose, relative to immunization, showed no difference in the results in animals treated on day ––2 to day 3.

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“…This confirms the suggestions of others [11,14,20] that antibody production and memory cell induction are independ ent events.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulating Effects of 13-cis Retinoic Acid on the IgG and IgM Response of BALB/c Mice

Barnett¹

1983

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…These results with antigen-specific responses are in agreement with earlier studies by Diamantstein and his collaborators on the mitogenic properties of DxS [25]. They found that the mitogenic response of splenic B cells to DxS was enhanced when T cells were removed and showed that the T cells downregulating the B cell response were cyclophosphamide sensitive, T suppressor cells.…”

Section: Isupporting

confidence: 93%

Activation/suppression of the immune response in vitro by antigen and dextran sulfate I. Analysis by limiting dilution methods

Soederberg¹,

Lefkovits²

1985

Eur J Immunol

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Spleen cells of normal mice which were stimulated with either T-dependent or T-independent antigens and dextran sulfate (DxS) in microcultures at limiting dilution show at low cell densities an increased frequency of responding units (B cells) with both types of antigens. At higher cell densities, DxS induces a suppression of the immune response as assessed by a declining frequency of expressed B cells. When T cells were decreased in number, the stimulating effect of DxS on T-independent responses remained unaltered while the suppressive effect (dependent on cell density) was eliminated. It is suggested that DxS lowers the threshold of activation for regulatory T cells, i.e. of cells which under standard in vitro conditions remain unactivated, and which in the presence of DxS become activated. We conclude that the regulatory cells are rare and that they are not present in most low cell density cultures. The net effect is a potent activation in dilute cultures and lack of response in dense cultures.

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“…The results of the transfer ex periments, therefore, indicate that a haptenspecific B cell population expands in nu/nu mice by immunization with alum-absorbed DNP antigens. These findings are in agree ment with the observations of Diamantstein and Blitstein-Willinger [25], who reported that spleen cells derived from sheep red cell (SRBC)-primed nude mice gave a typical secondary plaque-forming cell response when challenged in vitro with SRBC in the presence of helper T cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

T Cell Dependent and Independent Steps in IgE-B Memory Cell Development

Okudaira¹,

Komagata²,

Ogita³

1980

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The role of T cells in the IgE antibody response was studied using athymic nu/nu mice which failed to form IgE antibody against either T-dependent or T-independent antigens. Evidence was obtained that hapten-specific B cells can be primed with T-dependent or T-independent antigens in the absence of T cells. Transfer of nu/nu spleen cells primed with alum-absorbed dinitrophenyl (DNP) ovalbumin or DNP derivatives of Salmonella bacilli into irradiated nu/+ mice, together with unprimed T cells, enhanced IgE antihapten antibody response of the recipients to alum-absorbed DNP-KLH. The antigen-primed nu/nu spleen cells, however, did not contain hapten-specific B memory cells directly committed to IgE response, since no antihapten IgE antibody response was obtained when the same DNP-primed nu/nu spleen cells were transferred into irradiated mice, together with KLH-primed nu/+ spleen cells, and the recipients were challenged with DNP-KLH without adjuvant. Once IgE-B memory cells were established by immunization with alum-absorbed DNP-KLH, these cells responded to DNP derivatives of both T-dependent and T-independent carriers to form a significant amount of antihapten IgE antibody without participation of T cells. The results indicate that the essential role of T helper cells in the IgE antibody response is in the process of the development of IgE-B memory cells.

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T cell‐independent development of B memory cells

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Immunomodulating Effects of 13-cis Retinoic Acid on the IgG and IgM Response of BALB/c Mice

Immunomodulating Effects of 13-cis Retinoic Acid on the IgG and IgM Response of BALB/c Mice

Activation/suppression of the immune response in vitro by antigen and dextran sulfate I. Analysis by limiting dilution methods

T Cell Dependent and Independent Steps in IgE-B Memory Cell Development

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