T-cell epitope-based vaccine prediction against Aspergillus fumigatus: a harmful causative agent of aspergillosis

Abstract

Background Among the most common causes of invasive aspergillosis and acute bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is Aspergillus fumigatus. Transmission with A. fumigatus produces aggressive aspergillosis in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, HIV patients, and cancer patients. Asthmatics and cystic fibrosis patients are allergic to A. fumigatus. MHC class-II binding epitopes can initiate immunogenic responses in patients. In this study, we deployed immunoinformatic study to reveal epitopes from fungal proteins. Results In modern research, we found multiple epitopes ITLKLLHRYSYKLAG, KLVLRAFPNHFRGDS, RYSYKLAGVNQVDVV, GKSFELNQAARAVTQ, and LHRYSYKLAGVNQVD from crucial proteins of A. fumigatus 5,8-linoleate diol synthase (ACO55067.2) and ChainB-chitinase A1 (2XVN_B). RYSYKLAGVNQVDVV, GKSFELNQAARAVTQ, and LHRYSYKLAGVNQVD epitopes interact with HLA-DRB01_0101, while ITLKLLHRYSYKLAG and KLVLRAFPNHFRGDS epitopes interact with HLA-DRB01_1501. Molecular docking analysis reveals atomic contact energy (ACE) value for these five epitopes shown below −5 Kcal/mol in docked state. Conclusions The invasive aspergillosis and acute bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are caused by harmful fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Our modern immunoinformatic research shows ITLKLLHRYSYKLAG, KLVLRAFPNHFRGDS, RYSYKLAGVNQVDVV, GKSFELNQAARAVTQ, and LHRYSYKLAGVNQVD epitopes could bind to MHC-II HLA allelic determinants and can initiate immunogenic response in patients affected by Aspergillus fumigatus.

Impact of Business Incubations on Entrepreneurial Mindset: In the Context of Pakistan

“…The attitudes and mentalities of entrepreneurs can be guided and taught (Von Graevenitz, Harhoff, & Weber, 2010). An entrepreneurial mindset, encourages people to take risks, optimize skills and capitalize on market opportunities by creating ecosystems of knowledge and skills through incubators (Jabin & Kumar, 2022).…”

“…There are two variables: entrepreneurial thinking and attitudes towards entrepreneurship; including personal circumstances and circumstances. There is a double causal relationship between attitudes and entrepreneurial thinking (Davis & Weisbeck, 2016;Jabin & Kumar, 2022). The relationships between these variables are described as entrepreneurial images (Cacoub, Commarmond, Sadoun, & Desbois, 2017;Del Vecchio, Mele, Ndou, & Secundo, 2018;Jena, 2020).…”