“…More specifically, while testosterone exposure and subsequent androgen receptor activity can promote innate immune cell differentiation and development, testosterone also reduces activity of these cells (Gubbels Bupp and Jorgensen, 2018). As such, the hub genes of the immune related modules highlight broad suppression of innate immune signaling (quail yellow: SASH3 , SLAMF8 , TRAF3IP3 ; manakin dark turquoise: INPPL1 , CCL14 , CCL3L , ncRNA; (Beer et al, 2005; Veillette, 2010; Dauphinee et al, 2013; Sokol and Luster, 2015; Zou et al, 2015; Thomas et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2018). Similarly, testosterone exposure had substantial effects on the regulation of the adaptive immune system.…”