T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study

Angyal, Adrienn; Longet, Stephanie; Moore, Shona C.; Payne, Rebecca P.; Harding, Adam; Tipton, Tom; Rongkard, Patpong; Ali, Mohammad; Hering, Luisa M.; Meardon, Naomi; Austin, James; Brown, Rebecca L.; Skelly, Donal; Gillson, Natalie; Dobson, Susan L; Cross, Andrew; Sandhar, Gurjinder; Kilby, J A; Tyerman, Jessica K.; Nicols, Alexander R.; Spegarova, Jarmila Stremenova; Mehta, Hema; Hornsby, Hailey; Whitham, Ruth H.; Conlon, Christopher P.; Jeffery, Katie; Goulder, Philip; Frater, John; Dold, Christina; Pace, Matthew; Ogbe, Ane; Brown, Helen; Ansari, M Azim; Adland, Emily; Brown, Anthony; Chand, Meera; Shields, Adrian; Matthews, Philippa C.; Hopkins, Susan; Hall, Victoria; James, William; Rowland‐Jones, Sarah; Klenerman, Paul; Dunachie, Susanna; Richter, Alex; Duncan, Christopher J A; Barnes, Eleanor; Carroll, Miles W.; Turtle, Lance; Silva, T I de; Watson, Adam; Alhussni, Ahmed; Deeks, Alexandra; Webb-Bridges, Alice; Jämsén, Anni; Chawla, Akshita; Duncan, Christopher; O’Donnell, Denise; Weeks, Esme; Abuelgasim, Hibatullah; Xiao, He; Holmes, Jennifer; Haworth, Judy; Cutteridge, Joseph; Lillie, Katy; Romaniuk, Liana; Denly, Lucy; Kasanyinga, Mwila; Wilson, Robert L.; Thomas, Sarah; Gardiner, Siobhan; Tucker, Sean N.; Adlou, Syed; Silva, T de; Lawrie, Alison M.; Smith, Nick; Turton, H.; Zawia, Amira; Bayley, Mark; Fairman, Alexander S.; Harrington, Kimberly H.; Kirk, Richard; Marsh, Laura; Watson, Laura; Wood, Steven C.; Diffey, Brian; Jones, Cassandra; Lett, Lauren; Platt, G; Subramaniam, Krishanthi; Wootton, Daniel G.; Payne, Brendan A. I.; Hambleton, Sophie; Kelly, Sarah; Marston, J. H.; Poolan, S; Turner, David P. J.; Haniffa, Muzlifa; Stephenson, Emily; Adele, Sandra; Akhter, Hossain Delowar; Chinnakannan, Senthil; Lara, Catherine De; Donnison, Timothy; Hackstein, Carl-Philipp; Lee, L; Lim, Nicholas; Malone, Tom; Phillips, Eloise; Ramamurthy, N.; Robinson, Nicola; Sampson, Oliver; Eyre, David W; Simmons, Beatrice; Stafford, Lizzie; Mentzer, Alexander J.; Amini, Ali; Arancibia‐Cárcamo, Carolina V.; Provine, Nicholas M.; Travis, Simon; Dimitriadis, Stavros I.; Johnson, Síle A.; Foulkes, Sarah; Khawam, Jameel; Wellington, Edgar; Gilbert‐Jaramillo, Javier; Knight, Michael; Dupont, Maeva; Horner, Emily C.; Thaventhiran, James; Chalk, Jeremy

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00275-5

Cited by 134 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is also in agreement with a recent study of cellular and humoral responses to the first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected individuals who developed a stronger booster response when the interval between infection and vaccination was extended [ 4 ].…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Italy: a 3-month follow-up—Reply

2022

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Italy: a 3-month follow-up—Reply

2022

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“…These results are consistent with recent data showing that previously infected individuals have even greater increases in T-cell and B-cell responses following vaccination compared with those without prior infection. 32 This high degree of hybrid immunity, from infections and vaccination, 33 could potentially explain why Brazil, despite having similar vaccination coverage as the United States and many European countries, did not have a similar increase in hospitalizations and deaths in the period where the Delta variant become dominant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S among individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil

Cerqueira‐Silva

Andrews

Boaventura

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background. COVID-19 vaccines have proven highly effective among SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals, but their effectiveness in preventing symptomatic infection and severe outcomes among individuals with prior infection is less clear. Methods. Utilizing national COVID-19 notification, hospitalization, and vaccination datasets from Brazil, we performed a case-control study using a test-negative design to assess the effectiveness of four vaccines (CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2) among individuals with laboratory-confirmed prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. We matched RT-PCR positive, symptomatic COVID-19 cases with RT-PCR-negative controls presenting with symptomatic illnesses, restricting both groups to tests performed at least 90 days after an initial infection. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression to compare the odds of test positivity, and the odds of hospitalization or death due to COVID-19, according to vaccination status and time since first or second dose of vaccines. Findings. Among individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection ≥ 14 days from vaccine series completion was 39.4% (95% CI 36.1-42.6) for CoronaVac, 56.0% (95% CI 51.4-60.2) for ChAdOx1, 44.0% (95% CI 31.5-54.2) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 64.8% (95% CI 54.9-72.4) for BNT162b2. For the two-dose vaccine series (CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, and BNT162b2), effectiveness against symptomatic infection was significantly greater after the second dose compared with the first dose. Effectiveness against hospitalization or death ≥ 14 days from vaccine series completion was 81.3% (95% CI 75.3-85.8) for CoronaVac, 89.9% (95% CI 83.5-93.8) for ChAdOx1, 57.7% (95% CI -2.6-82.5) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 89.7% (95% CI 54.3-97.7) for BNT162b2.

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“…Cohorts of vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, and pre-and post-vaccinated individuals, are available for comparative studies. There were initial reports of positive antigen-or spike protein-specific B cell or antibody and T cell responses [64][65][66][67][68][69]. The sera from vaccinated and convalescent sera were both found to have antibodies with variable titers of viral neutralization activities in vitro, as noted for anti-spike monoclonals used for immunotherapy.…”

Section: Human Immune Response To Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Leishmaniac Quest for Developing a Novel Vaccine Platform. Is a Roadmap for Its Advances Provided by the Mad Dash to Produce Vaccines for COVID-19?

et al. 2022

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“Bugs as drugs” in medicine encompasses the use of microbes to enhance the efficacy of vaccination, such as the delivery of vaccines by Leishmania—the protozoan etiological agent of leishmaniasis. This novel approach is appraised in light of the successful development of vaccines for Covid-19. All relevant aspects of this pandemic are summarized to provide the necessary framework in contrast to leishmaniasis. The presentation is in a side-by-side matching format with particular emphasis on vaccines. The comparative approach makes it possible to highlight the timeframe of the vaccine workflows condensed by the caveats of pandemic urgency and, at the same time, provides the background of Leishmania behind its use as a vaccine carrier. Previous studies in support of the latter are summarized as follows. Leishmaniasis confers life-long immunity on patients after cure, suggesting effective vaccination is achievable with whole-cell Leishmania. A new strategy was developed to inactivate these cells in vitro, rendering them non-viable, hence non-disease causing, albeit retaining their immunogenicity and adjuvanticity. This was achieved by installing a dual suicidal mechanism in Leishmania for singlet oxygen (1O2)-initiated inactivation. In vitro cultured Leishmania were genetically engineered for cytosolic accumulation of UV-sensitive uroporphyrin I and further loaded endosomally with a red light-sensitive cationic phthalocyanine. Exposing these doubly dye-loaded Leishmania to light triggers intracellular production of highly reactive but extremely short-lived 1O2, resulting in their rapid and complete inactivation. Immunization of susceptible animals with such inactivated Leishmania elicited immunity to protect them against experimental leishmaniasis. Significantly, the inactivated Leishmania was shown to effectively deliver transgenically add-on ovalbumin (OVA) to antigen-presenting cells (APC), wherein OVA epitopes were processed appropriately for presentation with MHC molecules to activate epitope-specific CD8+ T cells. Application of this approach to deliver cancer vaccine candidates, e.g., enolase-1, was shown to suppress tumor development in mouse models. A similar approach is predicted to elicit lasting immunity against infectious diseases, including complementation of the spike protein-based vaccines in use for COVID-19. This pandemic is devastating, but brings to light the necessity of considering many facets of the disease in developing vaccination programs. Closer collaboration is essential among those in diverse disciplinary areas to provide the roadmap toward greater success in the future. Highlighted herein are several specific issues of vaccinology and new approaches worthy of consideration due to the pandemic.

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T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study

Cited by 134 publications

References 29 publications

Response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Italy: a 3-month follow-up—Reply

Response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Italy: a 3-month follow-up—Reply

Effectiveness of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S among individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil

Leishmaniac Quest for Developing a Novel Vaccine Platform. Is a Roadmap for Its Advances Provided by the Mad Dash to Produce Vaccines for COVID-19?

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