T, B, and NKT Cells in Systemic Inflammation in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Abstract

Background. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) brings risk of serious complications. The study objective was to assess elements of the cellular immune response in the course of OSAS. Methods. Peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes: T, B, NK, NKT-like, Th, Tc, and HLA DR+ T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry of 48 OSA patients; the concentration of adiponectin, interleukin 1β, and TNFα was measured by ELISA method. The OSA complication score was developed and used for statistical analysis. Results. The proportion of B cells and Th/Tc ratio were significantly lower in the BP of OSA patients when compared with control subjects (median 7.9 versus 10.9%, 0.9 versus 1.5, p < 0.05). The proportion of Tc, NK, NKT-like, and HLADR positive T cells were elevated in OSA patients when compared with healthy subjects (36.4 versus 26.8, 15.5 versus 8.5, 5.7 versus 3.0, and 8.4 versus 4.5%, p < 0.05, resp.) and were more pronounced in patients with metabolic syndrome. The grade of OSA complication score correlated with systemic inflammation markers and the proportion of B cells. The value of adiponectin/BMI ratio correlated significantly with SpO2 (r = 0.31, p < 0.05), CRP (r = −0.35, p < 0.05), TNFα concentration (r = −0.36, p < 0.05), and proportion of B cells (r = 0.32, p < 0.05). Conclusion. Lymphocytes B, Tc, NK, NKT-like, and adiponectin are involved in systemic immune response in OSA patients possibly predisposing them to cardiovascular and metabolic complications.

<p>The Bronchiectasis in COPD-OSA Overlap Syndrome Patients</p>

“…OSA patients have increased number of CD8+ and decreased number of CD4+ cells, which were related to AHI. [31][32][33] Elevated levels of CD8 + cells were also found in patients with bronchiectasis, which also supported the role of T lymphocyte in the pathogenesis of primary bronchiectasis. 34,35 In our study, the correlation analysis showed that the bronchiectasis score of severity and extent related to the values of CD8 and CD4/CD8.…”

Fas-positive lymphocytes are associated with systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

“…In 52% of patients, features of metabolic syndrome were recognized. Distribution of patients in each group of OSAS complication score (defined according to [3]) was as follows: score 0 (4), score 1 (14), score 2 (19), score 3 (7), score 4 (4), and score 5 (1). Hypertension was recognized in 72% and COPD in 7% of patients.…”

“…Previously, we confirmed the significance of adiponectin in the inflammatory process in OSAS as well as its complications. Adiponectin concentration to BMI ratio (A/BMI) correlated with the OSA complication score: the lower A/BMI index, the higher the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications of OSAS [3]. This study presents an important finding: Fas-positive cells and the concentration of soluble Fas were accompanied by a low value of A/BMI ratio.…”

“…We analyzed the proportions of the following lymphocyte subtypes: T cells, B cells, T helper (Th) and T cytotoxic cells (Tc), natural killer (NK), natural killer T cells (NKT-like), and T cells with HLA-DR expression by Simultest (BD, San Jose, California, US). Flow cytometry analysis was performed as previously described [3]. For the analysis of Fas receptor expression on T cells, the following cocktail of antibodies was used: CD4-FITC/CD8-PE/CD95-PE-Cy5.…”

“…We previously reported significant changes in the proportion of blood lymphocytes in OSA patients. The proportion of B cells, Th/Tc ratio, and adiponectin concentration were lower but, the proportion of Tc, NK, NKT-like, and HLA-DR positive T cells were elevated in OSAS patients when compared with healthy subjects and these changes correlated with metabolic complications [3]. In this study, we aimed to further evaluate blood lymphocyte characteristics by the analysis of the expression of Fas receptor on the main lymphocyte subtypes.…”