Sztuczne sieci neuronowe i kierunki ich zastosowań w przemyśle. Podstawowe rodzaje sztucznych sieci neuronowych

Drobina, R.; Grecka, A.; Lewandowski, S.

doi:10.15199/60.2016.07.3

TEXTILES REVIEW ? TEXTILES, GARMENTS, LEATHER

2016

DOI: 10.15199/60.2016.07.3

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Sztuczne sieci neuronowe i kierunki ich zastosowań w przemyśle. Podstawowe rodzaje sztucznych sieci neuronowych

R. Drobina

A. Grecka

S. Lewandowski

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2021

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“…Today, neural networks have a layered structure with the following layers: input, output, and hidden layers [97][98][99][100][101][102]. The neuron has a certain number of inputs, to which the input data are introduced: x 1 , x 2 , .…”

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“…There are two basic ways of learning: supervised or unsupervised. During the learning process, some connections (weights between neurons) become more important, and some do not participate in solving the problem (this could be compared to the disappearance of connections in the brain), so it is possible to determine which variables are important to solve the existing problem [98,99,101,[104][105][106][107][108][109][110]. The characteristics of a neural network depend to a large extent on how the neurons are connected, the so-called network architecture.…”

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Old and Modern Wooden Buildings in the Context of Sustainable Development

2021

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Construction is a powerful industry that is not indifferent to the environment. Neither the maintenance of buildings in a proper technical condition nor their eventual demolition is indifferent to the environment. The main threats to the environment are still the inefficient use of construction materials and energy needed for their production and installation, as well as the emission of harmful substances to the environment at the stage of operation of buildings and their demolition. This article discusses the importance of wood as a renewable material in terms of its physical and mechanical properties. The restoration of forest areas is of great importance to the global ecosystem and the sustainable development system, reducing the threat of global warming and the greenhouse effect by reducing CO2 levels. In addition, demolition wood can be reused in construction, can be safely recycled as it quickly decomposes, or can be used as a source of renewable energy. The preservation of existing timber-framed buildings in good condition contributes to a lower consumption of this raw material for repair, which already significantly reduces the energy required for their manufacture, transport, and assembly. This also reduces the amount of waste that would have to be disposed of in various ways. Both at the stage of design, execution, and then exploitation, one forgets about the physical processes taking place inside the partitions and about the external climatic influences of the environment (precipitation, water vapor, and temperature) on which the type, intensity, and extent of chemical and biological corrosion depend to a very high degree. This paper presents examples of the influence of such impacts on the operational safety of three selected objects: a feed storehouse and an officer casino building from the second half of the nineteenth century and an 18th century rural homestead building. The research carried out on wooden structures of the above-mentioned objects “in situ” was verified by means of simulation models, which presented their initial and current technical conditions in relation to the type and amount of impact they should safely absorb. Moreover, within the framework of this paper, artificial intelligence methods have been implemented to predict the biological corrosion of the structures studied. The aim of the paper was to draw attention to the timber already built into buildings, which may constitute waste even after several years of operation, requiring disposal and at the same time the production of a substitute. The purpose of the research carried out by the authors of the article was to examine the older and newer buildings in use, the structures of which, in whole or in part, were made of wood. On a global scale, there will be considerable demand for the energy required to thermally dispose of this waste or to deposit it in landfills with very limited capacity until its complete biological decomposition. These energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions can be prevented by effective diagnostics of such structures and the predictability of their behaviour over time, with respect to the conditions under which they are operated. The authors of the article, during each assessment of the technical condition of a building containing wooden elements, analysed the condition of their protection each time and predicted the period of their safe life without the need for additional reinforcements or replacement by others. As the later reality shows, it is a very effective method of saving money and energy.

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Old and Modern Wooden Buildings in the Context of Sustainable Development

2021

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Sztuczne sieci neuronowe i kierunki ich zastosowań w przemyśle. Podstawowe rodzaje sztucznych sieci neuronowych

Cited by 1 publication

References 1 publication

Old and Modern Wooden Buildings in the Context of Sustainable Development

Old and Modern Wooden Buildings in the Context of Sustainable Development

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