Syzygium samarangense leaf extract mitigates indomethacin-induced gastropathy via the NF-κB signaling pathway in rats

Pentagalloyl Glucose, a Major Compound in Mango Seed Kernel, Exhibits Distinct Gastroprotective Effects in Indomethacin-Induced Gastropathy in Rats via Modulating the NO/eNOS/iNOS Signaling Pathway

“…Because it has a higher ulcerogenic potency than other NSAIDs, it is commonly utilized for the induction of gastric ulcer in experimental animals ( Suleyman et al, 2010 ). Similar to previous studies, the current study also found that indomethacin induced gastric ulceration and mucosal damage as it increased the ulcer index ( Mahmoud et al, 2021 ; Ahmed et al, 2021 ; Nabil et al, 2021 ). PGG inhibited the indomethacin-induced gastric injury as presented by low values of ulcer index, and the effect of PGG was comparable to that shown by famotidine ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…Restoration of mucin content of gastric mucosa by PGG may be mediated by increasing PGE2 synthesis or activation of prostaglandin receptors, EP3 and EP4, as indicated by docking studies. Similar results were observed from other tannins, such as tellimagrandin II (score functions (kcal/mol) are -31.31 and -26.88 for EP3 and EP4, respectively) and casuarinin (score functions (kcal/mol) are −25.47 and −25.96 for EP3 and EP4, respectively) (Mahmoud et al, 2021).…”

“…The data were calibrated automatically to convert the measurement units (pixels) produced by the image analyzer program into actual micrometer units. Ten different non-overlapping randomly selected fields from a slide of each rat in all different experimental groups were examined to evaluate the following mean area percentage of PAS-positive histochemical reaction in PAS-stained sections at a magnification of 200; optical density of positive immunostaining for iNOS and eNOS was measured within and around the ulcer area at a magnification of 200 ( Mahmoud et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Gastric lipid peroxidation product, MDA, Gpx activity, and GSH were determined as reported previously ( Mahmoud et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Medications such as histamine H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are effectively used to treat gastric ulcers; however, they are associated with severe side effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop safe, natural, and multitarget agents ( Ramakrishnan and Salinas, 2007 ; Lau et al, 2008 ; Mahmoud et al, 2021 ).…”