Sythesis of bioavture through hydrodeoxygenation and catalytic cracking from oleic acid using NiMo/Zeolit catalyst

Abstract

Currently, fossil fuels are still the primary source of fuel. As has been known, fossil fuel especially aviation fuel is limited resources and can increase greenhouse gas emissions. This condition encourages replacement efforts of avture into bioavture fuel. In this research, bioavture is synthesized through hydrodeoxygenation and catalytic cracking from oleic acid as a model compound using NiMo/Zeolite catalyst. Hydrodeoxygenation carried out under operating conditions: at temperature of 375°C, under 15 bar pressure and for 2.5 hours. The chain of hydrocarbons from the result of hydrodeoxygenation has been cracked by catalytic cracking reaction for 1.5 hours. Variation operating condition used are 360, 375, and 390°C. The liquid product is tested its chemical characteristic, ie acid number, FTIR and GC-MS and its physical characteristics, ie density test and viscosity. Bioavtur that synthesized by catalytic cracking have met the specifications of bioavtur, except the acid number with optimum temperature at 375oC. These conditions with NiMo/Zeolite activated led to dominant yield of 36.32%, selectivity of 38.05%, and conversion of 84.30%. Percentage of yield and selectivity of bioavtur are still low caused by performance of catalyst that is still can not optimum. While, high percentage of conversion caused by high temperature used for catalytic cracking.

Effect of HCl/γ-Al2O3 and HCl/Ni/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst on The Cracking of Palm Oil

“…It means that the catalyst used has a high selectivity to bioavtur, especially those with nickel metal as a promoter. Based on research conducted by Carli et al (2018), the presence of nickel metal in the catalyst structure used in the catalytic cracking process has good selectivity for bioavtur products.…”

Perengkahan Katalitik Distilat Asam Lemak Minyak Sawit (DALMs) menggunakan Katalis HCl Berpenyangga Gamma Alumina

“…Setelah dilakukan pengelompokan jenis biofuel berdasarkan rantai hidrokarbonnya, diperoleh data selektivitas katalis terhadap produk biofuel pada Tabel 2 Penggunaan katalis berpenyangga gamma alumina (-Al 2 O 3 ) menghasilkan konversi produk biokerosin (C 12 -C 15 ) yang relatif tinggi namun keberadaan logam nikel (Ni) dalam struktur katalis yang digunakan dapat mempercepat pelepasan produk dari permukaan katalis dan menyebabkan selektivitas terhadap produk biodiesel yang memiliki rantai karbon C 16 -C 20 lebih tinggi [20].…”

Ion Impregnation Effect of Fe, Cu, Cr-attributed Mordenite on Stearic Acid Cracking

“…In the case of zeolite application, Carli et al reported the synthesis of aviation fuel from oleic acid through hydrodeoxygenation reaction of NiMo/zeolite at temperature and pressure conditions were 375 °C and 15 bar, respectively. The catalyst results in the production the aviation fuel, whose yield was up to 36.32% for a 2.5 h reaction time [4]. The above reports indicated that the compounds of aviation fuel could be produced from fatty acid-based compounds, and zeolite can contribute to the reaction as a supported catalyst.…”

“…The production was influenced significantly by 3% (wt.%) catalyst loading [2]. Also, other catalysts based on Ni-Mo/SiO 2 and NiMo/zeolite were also reported to increase BAF production and activity [3][4]. In the case of zeolite application, Carli et al reported the synthesis of aviation fuel from oleic acid through hydrodeoxygenation reaction of NiMo/zeolite at temperature and pressure conditions were 375 °C and 15 bar, respectively.…”

“…The purpose of this method is to fill the pores of the support layer with a precursor solution containing a sufficient concentration of metal salts to achieve the desired loading [22]. Even though several studies also report the application of impregnation (physical binding) on introducing metal on the zeolite and it successfully obtains aviation fuel components from oleic acid compound [4]. However, the inclusion of metal on zeolite through impregnation to convert the fatty acid into aviation fuel has not been well explored previously.…”