Systolic versus diastolic blood pressure versus pulse pressure

White, William Β.

doi:10.1007/s11886-002-0107-4

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although a large PP as measured at the brachial artery with the use of the cuff method is not an accurate representation of the proximal aortic PP, it does suggest a stiffened aorta. When the vascular compliance is normal, the reflected waves return during diastole and will augment the diastolic pressure wave (6). Consequently, arteriosclerosis simultaneously tends to increase SBP and lower DBP, resulting in a widened PP, which paves the way for CVD morbidity because elevated SBP is associated with a greater left ventricular workload, enhancing myocardial wall stress and oxygen demand.…”

Section: Pp As Cardiovascular Risk Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Pulse Pressure on Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Fernández‐Fresnedo¹,

Rodrigo²,

Francisco³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Epidemiologic studies have emphasized the close relationship between high BP and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently published prospective studies have focus on systolic and pulse pressure (PP). Systolic BP seems to be a more important factor than diastolic BP on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in older patients. PP reflects stiffness of the large arteries and increases with age. Increasingly, PP is recognized as an independent predictor of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and cardiovascular death, even in hypertensive patients who undergo successful antihypertensive drug therapy, especially in older individuals. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. The progression of kidney disease and its associated cardiovascular complications are the major causes of morbidity and mortality. This holds true for all stages of kidney disease, including ESRD that requires renal replacement therapy. C hronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. There is a rising incidence and prevalence of ESRD, with poor outcome and high cost. ESRD that requires treatment with dialysis or transplantation is the most visible outcome of CKD. However, cardiovascular disease (CVD) also frequently is associated with CKD, which is important because individuals with CKD are more likely to die of CVD than to develop ESRD (1). CVD in CKD is treatable and potentially preventable, and CKD seems to be a risk factor for CVD (2). In 1998, the National Kidney Foundation Task Force issued a report that emphasized the high risk for CVD in CKD (3). This report showed that there was a high prevalence of CVD in CKD and that mortality as a result of CVD was 10 to 30 times higher in dialysis patients than in the general population. The task force recommended that patients with CKD be considered in the highest risk group. Go et al. (4) demonstrated that reduced estimated GFR Ͻ60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 independently predicts the risk for death and cardiovascular events in individuals with or without known CVD.Most of the traditional CVD risk factors, such as older age, diabetes, systolic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and low HDL cholesterol, are highly prevalent in CKD. Several nontraditional factors, such hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidant stress, dyslipidemia, and elevated inflammatory markers, are associated with atherosclerosis. Oxidant stress and inflammation may be the primary mediators or the "missing link" that could explain the tremendous burden of CVD in CKD (2). The purpose of this review is to show the importance of pulse pressure (PP) as clinical marker of cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD. PP as Cardiovascular Risk FactorThe principal components of BP consist of both a steady component (mean arterial pressure [MAP]) and a pulsatile component (PP). Major determinants of MAP are ventricular ejection and peripheral vascular resistance. PP, the difference between systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), also is made up of two major components: One that is caused by ventri...

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Section: Pp As Cardiovascular Risk Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Pulse Pressure on Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Fernández‐Fresnedo¹,

Rodrigo²,

Francisco³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent studies have determined brachial pulse pressure (PP) as a strong determinant for coronary heart disease (4, 5), stroke (6), and cardiovascular events in the general population (7)(8)(9)(10). Increased brachial PP is considered to augment cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, since elevated SBP raises left ventricular afterload while decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reduces coronary perfusion (3,4,(8)(9)(10). A major clinical determinant of PP is arterial stiffness, which is an arteriosclerotic change that progresses under the influence of several risk factors (4,(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Population-based Study of Arterial Stiffness Index in Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Satō

Hoshino

Harashima

et al. 2005

JAT

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We investigated the relation of arterial stiffness, considered an independent predictor of cardiovascular events, to cardiovascular risk factors in a population-based study of 1023 subjects. An Arterial Stiffness Index (ASI) was developed to evaluate arterial stiffness based on an analysis of the pulse wave amplitude pattern acquired from measurements of brachial blood pressure. In control subjects (n = 266) without any major risk factors, the ASI was 46 ± ± ± ± ± 11, and increased with age (r = 0.346). The ASI was significantly higher in women ranging from 50 to 54 years of age than in age-matched men. The ASI rose in correlation with the number of risk factors. Subjects with two risk factors showed a significantly higher ASI than those without any risk factors (54 ± ± ± ± ± 26 vs. 46 ± ± ± ± ± 11). The ASI was significantly increased in diabetic subjects with hypertension in comparison to those without hypertension. Furthermore, hyperlipidemic subjects with hypertension showed significantly higher values than those without hypertension. ASI could be a useful predictor of cardiovascular events in hypertensive subjects with multiple risk factors. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2005; 12: 175-180.

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“…Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is defined by an elevated SBP (z140-160 mm Hg) and normal DBP (b90 mm Hg) [4]. It is usually found in elderly who have degenerated and stiffened vasculatures [4][5][6]. With aging, arteries lose their elasticity with reduced compliance to stroke volume leading to increased SBP [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of body mass index, plasma glucose and cholesterol levels on isolated systolic hypertension

Cockram

Chow

et al. 2005

International Journal of Cardiology

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Systolic versus diastolic blood pressure versus pulse pressure

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Role of Pulse Pressure on Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Role of Pulse Pressure on Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

A Population-based Study of Arterial Stiffness Index in Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Effects of body mass index, plasma glucose and cholesterol levels on isolated systolic hypertension

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