Systemtheorie

Marko, Hans

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57791-8

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most fundamental question regards the relationship between equality and democracy: if the equality principle is only interpreted in its strict sense, i.e., as a prohibition of any differentiation in order to guarantee the equality of chances for all voters, the democratic principle is understood in merely quantitative terms (and reduced to a 'pure' majoritarian principle) with the consequent political exclusion of structural minorities. 113 This is not tolerable when, due to structural disadvantages, any future change between majority and minority (position) is excluded. In these situations, cooperation between the majority and minority is necessary, to be guaranteed by the functional representation and participation of the minority, not only in a symbolic way, but as effective political participation and influence over decisions.…”

Section: Implementation Of Effective Political Participation: Conludimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…After a structural decline and a draft for reform of the electoral law of the Land aiming at a higher threshold of 7.5 per cent, the party of the Danish minority, the Südschleswigscher Wählerverband (SSW) initiated two proceedings before the Federal Constitutional Court. 44 On the basis of a proportional electoral system in Schleswig-Holstein, the Court had to resolve the issue of a "privileged position [of the minority party] in the electoral process" 45 and its justification as an "exception" from the principle of equality of the vote. 46 The two judgements shed light on the interrelations between the individual right of the voters, the right of the minority party to equal competition and the right of minorities to be represented (the latter exercised by the minority party).…”

Section: Proportional Electoral Systems With and Without Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

No representation without recognition: The right to political participation of (National) minorities

Palermo

Woelk

2003

Journal of European Integration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For members of ethno-cultural minorities, the right of political participation means more than the right to seek to influence the outcome of a process designed to aggregate individual preferences to find a decision acceptable to a majority of citizens. Effective participation of national minorities in public life requires specific arrangements to "facilitate the inclusion of minorities within the State and enable minorities to maintain their own identity and characteristics, thereby promoting the good governance and integrity of the State." 1 After an overview of the different approaches toward minorities and their political representation (which obviously determine the legal solutions adopted and consequently the judicial attitude), the paper deals with more specific rules on the political representation of minorities (such as participation at central, regional and local government level, special electoral rules, non-territorial arrangements, veto rights, consultative bodies, etc.) and their judicial interpretation in comparative analysis. In conclusion, the paper argues that the concrete recognition of effective rights of political participation by the courts depends on the set of values forming the basis of the constitutions. Any technical instruments for the implementation and guarantee of these rights can only be based on the political recognition of the representation and participation of minorities as a constitutionally legitimate aim (and value).Nothing is more certain than that virtual blocking out of the minority is not necessarily a consequence of freedom, but instead is diametrically opposed to the first principle of democracy: representation in proportion to numbers . . . A majority of the electors should always have a majority of the representatives; but a minority of the electors should always have a minority of representatives. 2

show abstract

Section: Implementation Of Effective Political Participation: Conludimentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Proportional Electoral Systems With and Without Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No representation without recognition: The right to political participation of (National) minorities

Palermo

Woelk

2003

Journal of European Integration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latter can be explained by the so called deterministic uncertainty relation [7] of the Fourier transform stated s AF = l/ΔΤ , where AT estimates the signal duration of a impulse-like signal and AF is the band width of such a signal in the frequency domain. These signal characteristics can be determined for each ERF for the above defined time interval [α,β].…”

Section: Determination Of Erf Signal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These signal characteristics can be determined for each ERF for the above defined time interval [α,β]. Denoting the time average of a signal g(n) for this interval s (7) we have estimated the mean amplitude level and mean frequency value by a, =mv(e,) and 0, =wv( > f ), and the latency r, by r, =|λ for i = l . In dependence on the choscn M iilter the obtained estinmtcs an: related to a single IRl· 01 to smoothcd HRFs.…”

Section: Determination Of Erf Signal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meg-Analysis Using the Hilbert Transform

Link

Elster²,

Sander³

et al. 2002

Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Event-related fields (ERFs) measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG) upon visual stimulation are analysed by Hilbert transformation. The Hilbert transform of real-valued measured ERF is an analytic complex signal, represented by phase and amplitude. The temporal behaviour of the derivative of the phase, i.e. the instantaneous frequency, allows to distinguish time intervals containing meaningful signal from noise. On the basis of both phase and amplitude, energies and latencies of single event ERFs can be determined.

show abstract

“…Applying a low-pass filtering procedure of the first order with a continuous-time system function [7]…”

Section: Peak Value Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of Accelerometers by Shock Excitation and Laser Interferometry

Link

Martens

1999

Shock and Vibration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A signal processing method for determining the dynamic behavior of accelerometers by shock excitation and laser interferometry is presented. The method allows the shock sensitivity and the magnitude and phase lag of the complex sensitivity of accelerometers to be accurately measured. After digitizing the phase-modulated signals at the output of a homodyne or heterodyne interferometer, the time-dependent displacement is reconstructed on the basis of the principle of coherent demodulation. Data processing developed for determining peak value and spectrum of the acceleration efficiently suppresses disturbing quantities. Computer simulations and experiments proved that the shock parameters can be measured with expanded uncertainties of less than 0.2%. method has been adopted by the ISO/TC 108/SC 3 as a primary shock calibration method to be specified in a new international standard ISO 16063-13 “Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry”.

show abstract

Systemtheorie

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

No representation without recognition: The right to political participation of (National) minorities

No representation without recognition: The right to political participation of (National) minorities

Meg-Analysis Using the Hilbert Transform

Calibration of Accelerometers by Shock Excitation and Laser Interferometry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About