2007
DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcm026
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Systems of Distribution and a Sense of Equity: A Multilevel Analysis of Meritocratic Attitudes in Post-industrial Societies

Abstract: Meritocratic attitudes are defined as general beliefs that education and its correlates should determine personal economic outcomes. Using the International Social Survey Project (ISSP): Social Inequality Module (1992), we examine both individual-level and country-level determinants of pro-meritocratic attitudes. According to self-interest and rational-action theories, individuals with high educational attainment and high personal income are expected to have strong meritocratic beliefs because meritocracy is i… Show more

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Cited by 83 publications
(88 citation statements)
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“…For example, higher-income and better-educated citizens tend to support governments that are more oriented towards competition as opposed to equality (Ritzman & TomaskovicDevey, 1992;Kunovich & Slomczynski, 2007), and members of ethnic majorities and higherincome individuals tend to approve of social inequality, that is, to be relatively high in "social dominance orientation" (Pratto, Sidanius, & Levin, 2006).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, higher-income and better-educated citizens tend to support governments that are more oriented towards competition as opposed to equality (Ritzman & TomaskovicDevey, 1992;Kunovich & Slomczynski, 2007), and members of ethnic majorities and higherincome individuals tend to approve of social inequality, that is, to be relatively high in "social dominance orientation" (Pratto, Sidanius, & Levin, 2006).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to the self-interest hypothesis, an individual's preference for particular justice principles is the result of that individual's position within the inequality structure of a society (Kunovich and Slomczynski 2007;Gerlitz et al 2012). This hypothesis suggests that individuals tend to prefer those justice principles that will be more likely than others to help further their own interests when it comes to the distribution of benefits and burdens within the society in which they live and thus will be more likely to increase their own personal gains, be they monetary or otherwise.…”
Section: Incomementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dans une perspective différente, les analyses des grandes enquêtes internationales (voir notamment Forsé et Parodi, 2006Gonthier et Soubiran, 2007 ;Kunovich et Slomczynski, 2007) Cette littérature, tant psychologique que sociologique, apparaît donc fort consensuelle pour souligner à la fois la prégnance de la méritocratie et le travail que font les individus pour s'efforcer de trouver une certaine légitimité aux inégalités qui les entourent. Elle montre aussi l'intérêt de prendre en compte, outre les variables objectives, classiques dans l'approche sociologique, une dimension subjective pour expliquer la variabilité des jugements sur la méritocratie.…”
Section: Des Points De Vue Situés Sur La Justiceunclassified
“…Dans une perspective différente, les analyses des grandes enquêtes internationales (voir notamment Forsé et Parodi, 2006Gonthier et Soubiran, 2007 ;Kunovich et Slomczynski, 2007) confirment d'une part la prégnance du principe de mérite, et d'autre part cet ancrage des jugements de justice dans l'évaluation que la personne fait de sa situation personnelle et de celle de son groupe d'appartenance. Par exemple, les exploitations, par Forsé et Parodi (2006, de l'enquête européenne sur les valeurs (EVS) montrent certes un consensus sur la justice -autour de trois principes qui sont, dans 233 l'ordre, le critère de besoin, le mérite, l'égalité -, mais aussi quelques variations (qui ne vont pas jusqu'à modifier la hiérarchie des trois critères) en fonction du niveau d'instruction.…”
Section: Des Points De Vue Situés Sur La Justiceunclassified
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