Systems of Breeding Designed to Utilize Heterosis in the Domestic Fowl

Bell, A. E.; Moore, C. H.; Bohren, B. B.; Warren, D. C.

doi:10.3382/ps.0310011

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The negligible amount of heterosis and the importance of reciprocal effect for body weight is consistent with the literature on the subject, including previous observations that heterosis can be in the undesirable direction for body weight (Fairfull 1990). Nevertheless, in poultry species, there have been several different approaches for utilizing heterosis in combination with average gene effects in order to maximize performance for meat and egg production (Bell et al 1952;Enfield 1960). The use of breeding strategies such as inbred hybrids, specific combining ability and intra-population selection within strain, may be beneficial for enhanced performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correspondingly, the crossbreeding of two or more parental breeds, or their combination into a synthetic population, has successfully exploited both the additive and non-additive genetic sources of variation for numerous identifiable morphological characteristics and production performance in these breeds. This concept has been widely accepted in commercial poultry breeding programs (Bell et al 1952;Enfield 1960;Crawford 1990); therefore, possible benefits can be explored for goose meat production. Studies on geese revealed that crosses between the White Italian and Pomeranian breeds (Karasinski 1977), and the Large Grey and Rhenish breeds (Ryabokon 1984) resulted in lower body weight and reduced feed conversion going against the selection objective.…”

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Evaluation of Pilgrim, Hungarian, Chinese, Synthetic and Embden strains of geese and their crosses for body weight

Shrestha¹,

Grunder²,

Dickie³

2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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The Pilgrim, Hungarian, Chinese, Selected C hinese, Synthetic (developed from Pilgrim, Chinese and Hungarian), Selected Synthetic, Large Embden and Small Embden strains of geese raised from 1980 to 1988 at the Greenbelt farm of the Centre for Food and Animal Research (formerly Animal Research Centre, and Animal Research Institute) in Ottawa, Canada varied significantly in body weight at 9 and 16 wk of age. The Large Embden strain weighed more than the Small Embden strain in 1986, and both were heavier than the Pilgrim strain (P < 0.05). Significantly different body weights for the Large Embden, Small Embden and Pilgrim strains averaged over sexes were 5.03, 4.45 and 3.59 kg, respectively, at 9 wk, and 6.15, 5.49 and 4.33 kg, respectively, at 16 wk. The Pilgrim strain was similar to the Chinese and Synthetic strains in body weight, whereas the Hungarian weighed consistently less (P < 0.05). Body weights for the Pilgrim, Chinese, Synthetic and Hungarian strains averaged over sexes and years 1980, 1983 and 1986 were 3.70, 3.56, 3.70 and 3.37 kg, respectively, at 9 wk, and 4.65, 4.43, 4.53 and 4.17 kg, respectively, at 16 wk. From 1982 onwards, the Chinese and Synthetic strains were selected for four generations in order to increase egg production over a 24-wk laying period and body weight at 16 wk of age, and to simultaneously decrease total fat (abdominal and intestinal). These Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains not only weighed significantly more than their corresponding Chinese and Synthetic strains maintained as randombred populations, but were also heavier than the Pilgrim strain. Corresponding body weights for Selected Chinese, Selected Synthetic, Chinese and Synthetic strains averaged over sexes and years 1983–1988 were 3.72, 3.69, 3.47 and 3.59 kg, respectively, at 9 wk, and 4.69, 4.77, 4.26 an d 4.31 kg, respectively, at 16 wk. The range in heterosis estimates for specific strain cross combinations were as follows: -6 to 8% for the Large Embden × Selected Chinese, 2 to 6% for the Selected Chinese × Selected Synthetic, -2 to 3% for the Selected Synthetic × Selected Chinese, -8 to -9% for the Large Embden × Small Embden, -1 to 1% for the Small Embden × Selected Chinese, and 4 to 8% for the Small Embden × Selected Synthetic. The variability among heterosis estimates for body weight was specific to strain crosses and subject to sampling associated with low number of sires used to produce crossbred offspring as well as the absence of reciprocal crosses. Larger studies evaluating all possible cross combinations of strains for additive and non-additive effects are warranted. Although, the Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains achieved genetic superiority for body weight, the inherent potential in the Embden strain demonstrated considerable merit for use as a terminal sire in a crossbreeding program for commercial geese production. Key words: Embden, Pilgrim; Chinese, Synthetic, Hungarian geese, crosses

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Pilgrim, Hungarian, Chinese, Synthetic and Embden strains of geese and their crosses for body weight

Shrestha¹,

Grunder²,

Dickie³

2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…The heterozygous gene combinations in the incross birds were responsible for the dominance effect over the original purebred Leghorn population. Each of these heterozygous gene combinations might have had an heterotic effect greater than the complete dominance gene effect as illustrated by Bell, Moore, Bohren and Warren (1952). Such a dominance effect may be termed overdominance.…”

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confidence: 95%

Genetic Variations in the Progenies of the Diallel Crosses of Inbred Lines of Chicken

Yao

1961

Poultry Science

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“…Bell et al (1952) pointed out that this breeding method was based on the performance of the crossbred progeny from an inbred tester line and a non-inbred or segregating population. Selection was based on the performance of the test cross progenies and made only in the segregating population.…”

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Recurrent Selection in the Domestic Fowl , ,

Andrews

Stephenson

1970

Poultry Science

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The Cornell Randombred Control Leghorn population was the base from which the three sub-lines forming the segregating populations designated as La, Lc, and Ld were developed. The breeders to reproduce the three segregating populations were selected not on their own performance, but on the rate of egg production from first egg to 34 weeks of age of their half-sisters which were sired by males of the inbred line for that specific genetic 361 at University of Hawaii -Manoa on June 23, 2015 http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from NEWS AND NOTES {Continued from page 360) {Continued on page 431) at University of Hawaii -Manoa on June 23, 2015 http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from

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Systems of Breeding Designed to Utilize Heterosis in the Domestic Fowl

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of Pilgrim, Hungarian, Chinese, Synthetic and Embden strains of geese and their crosses for body weight

Evaluation of Pilgrim, Hungarian, Chinese, Synthetic and Embden strains of geese and their crosses for body weight

Genetic Variations in the Progenies of the Diallel Crosses of Inbred Lines of Chicken

Recurrent Selection in the Domestic Fowl , ,

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