Systems Neuroengineering: Understanding and Interacting with the Brain

Edelman, Bradley J.; Johnson, Nessa; Sohrabpour, Abbas; Tong, Shanbao; Thakor, Nitish V.; He, Bin

doi:10.15302/j-eng-2015078

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…In perturbation based neuroimaging [2, 39], external energy is applied to alter the neural information processing; the spatio-temporal activation patterns as altered due to such perturbations, can then be used to identify and delineate the mechanisms of neural activation and pathology. For this purpose, it is important to use low intensity neuromodulation so the injected energy will only present perturbations to avoid global and wide-spread effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is of great importance to be able to image noninvasively brain dynamics and connectomics with high spatial and temporal resolution [1, 2]. Perturbation-based neuroimaging methods [2, 39] combining the light-based, or electrical/electromagnetic neuromodulations with a variety of neuroimaging modalities, like electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), are valuable tools for understanding the brain networks. Optogenetic neuromodulation, a light-based neuromodulation method, demonstrates excellent spatiotemporal specificity but requires an invasive implantation procedure [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optogenetic neuromodulation, a light-based neuromodulation method, demonstrates excellent spatiotemporal specificity but requires an invasive implantation procedure [3]. Electrical/electromagnetic-based methods, such as the deep brain stimulation (DBS) [4, 40], vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) [5], electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) [6], transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) [7, 39], transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) [8, 41] and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) [9] have been pursued to modulate local neural circuits, or treat various neurological and mental disorders. Compared to DBS and VNS, TMS and tDCS/tACS have the merit of being non-invasive, but have limited spatial resolution and focality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophysiological Source Imaging of Brain Networks Perturbed by Low-Intensity Transcranial Focused Ultrasound

Sohrabpour

2016

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Objective Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has been introduced as a noninvasive neuromodulation technique with good spatial selectivity. We report an experimental investigation to detect noninvasive electrophysiological response induced by low-intensity tFUS in an in vivo animal model, and perform electrophysiological source imaging (ESI) of tFUS-induced brain activity from noninvasive scalp EEG recordings. Methods A single ultrasound transducer was used to generate low-intensity tFUS (Ispta<1 mW/cm2) and induce brain activation at multiple selected sites in an in vivo rat model. Up to 16 scalp electrodes were used to record tFUS-induced EEG. Event related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed in time, frequency, and spatial domains. Current source distributions were estimated by ESI to reconstruct spatio-temporal distributions of brain activation induced by tFUS. Results Neuronal activation was observed following low-intensity tFUS, as correlated to tFUS intensity and sonication duration. ESI revealed initial focal activation in cortical area corresponding to tFUS stimulation site, and the activation propagating to surrounding areas over time. Conclusion The present results demonstrate the feasibility of noninvasively recording brain electrophysiological response in vivo following low-intensity tFUS stimulation, and the feasibility of imaging spatio-temporal distributions of brain activation as induced by tFUS in vivo. Significance The present approach may lead to a new means of imaging brain activity using tFUS perturbation and a closed-loop ESI-guided tFUS neuromodulation modality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophysiological Source Imaging of Brain Networks Perturbed by Low-Intensity Transcranial Focused Ultrasound

Sohrabpour

2016

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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“…The BCI field has developed noninvasive online systems that utilize sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) modulated by motor imagination to control virtual and physical objects with the goal of expanding this control to clinical populations [10–18]. Importantly, many people with motor neuron damage are not able to control their limbs due to loss of motor control pathways, but can still generate cortical activity corresponding to the hand or limb movement by performing motor imagery (MI) [17,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor Rhythm BCI with Simultaneous High Definition-Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Alters Task Performance

et al. 2016

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Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to alter the excitability of neurons within the cerebral cortex. Improvements in motor learning have been found in multiple studies when tDCS was applied to the motor cortex before or during task learning. The motor cortex is also active during the performance of motor imagination, a cognitive task during which a person imagines, but does not execute, a movement. Motor imagery can be used with noninvasive brain computer interfaces (BCIs) to control virtual objects in up to three dimensions, but to master control of such devices requires long training times. Objective To evaluate the effect of high-definition tDCS on the performance and underlying electrophysiology of motor imagery based BCI. Methods We utilize high-definition tDCS, to investigate the effect of stimulation on motor imagery-based BCI performance across and within sessions over multiple training days. Results We report a decreased time-to-hit with anodal stimulation both within and across sessions. We also found differing electrophysiological changes of the stimulated sensorimotor cortex during online BCI task performance for left vs. right trials. Cathodal stimulation led to a decrease in alpha and beta band power during task performance compared to sham stimulation for right hand imagination trials. Conclusion These results suggest that unilateral tDCS over the motor cortex differentially affects cortical areas based on task specific neural activation.

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“…For timely accounts of recent advancements and actual challenges in dynamic functional neuroimaging techniques, including electrophysiological source imaging, multimodal neuroimaging integrating fMRI with EEG/MEG, and functional connectivity imaging see the reviews of Bin He [14] and Jatoi et al [15]. Additionally, a systems level approach to understanding information processing in the human brain is offered by Edelman et al [16] who advocate substantial efforts to shape the future of systems neuroengineering. Furthermore, for a recent open source toolbox, named Brainstorm , which offers tools to analyze MEG/EEG data, combine it with anatomical MRI data and locate underlying neuronal sources of activation, see Tadel et al [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined EMD-sLORETA Analysis of EEG Data Collected during a Contour Integration Task

et al. 2016

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Lately, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) techniques receive growing interest in biomedical data analysis. Event-Related Modes (ERMs) represent features extracted by an EEMD from electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. We present a new approach for source localization of EEG data based on combining ERMs with inverse models. As the first step, 64 channel EEG recordings are pooled according to six brain areas and decomposed, by applying an EEMD, into their underlying ERMs. Then, based upon the problem at hand, the most closely related ERM, in terms of frequency and amplitude, is combined with inverse modeling techniques for source localization. More specifically, the standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) procedure is employed in this work. Accuracy and robustness of the results indicate that this approach deems highly promising in source localization techniques for EEG data.

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Systems Neuroengineering: Understanding and Interacting with the Brain

Cited by 33 publications

References 152 publications

Electrophysiological Source Imaging of Brain Networks Perturbed by Low-Intensity Transcranial Focused Ultrasound

Electrophysiological Source Imaging of Brain Networks Perturbed by Low-Intensity Transcranial Focused Ultrasound

Sensorimotor Rhythm BCI with Simultaneous High Definition-Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Alters Task Performance

Combined EMD-sLORETA Analysis of EEG Data Collected during a Contour Integration Task

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