Systems-Level Analysis of Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Coproducing Biobased Fuels and Chemicals: Implications for Sustainability

Abstract

In light of advances in the simultaneous production of biobased fuels and chemicals, a prospective well-to-wheel lifecycle assessment (LCA) model of a two-step multistage torrefaction biorefinery is constructed to quantify both lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy return on primary fossil energy investment (EROIfossil) for a transportation-range biofuel product. Coproductsincluding cyclopentanone (CPO), biochar, and a potential net electricity exportare handled via six coproduct scenarios, evaluated across both market-based allocation and displacement methods. Process-scale performance metrics and product distributions are compared across cases to evaluate trade-offs between process and environmental performance; carbon flows are visualized to better explain patterns of carbon yield and waste. LCA results include median GHG values spanning from −30.8 to +36.1 g CO2e/MJ-fuel and median EROIfossil values ranging from 1.6 to 12.8 MJ-fuel/MJ-PEfossil. Sensitivity results for the Market CPO case under market-based allocation display a large dependence on CPO yield, hydrogen consumption and fuel and CPO prices, while exhibiting minimal dependence on liquid fuel yield. Unrealistically low lifecycle GHG and high EROIfossil values are obtained under displacement for the maximum level of CPO production, prompting a discussion of methodological limitations, especially as they relate to the assignment of system expansion coproduct credit within existing EROI formulations.

Sustainable Retrofit of Industrial Utility System Using Life Cycle Assessment and Two-Stage Stochastic Programming

“…41 A two-step multistage torrefaction biorefinery model based on LCA was constructed to quantify both life cycle GHG emissions and energy return. 42 It is significant to restructure utility systems, introduce renewable energy, increase economic benefits, and reduce carbon emissions under the goal of carbon neutrality and highquality economic development. This study integrated renewable energies, including wind energy and solar energy, into an industrial utility system and combined them as a sustainable utility system (SUS).…”

“…Shi et al developed an agile LCA modeling platform to enable fast and flexible evaluation of life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) for biorefineries under uncertainty . A two-step multistage torrefaction biorefinery model based on LCA was constructed to quantify both life cycle GHG emissions and energy return …”

Efficient Utilization of CO2 in a Coal to Ethylene Glycol Process Integrated with Dry/Steam-Mixed Reforming: Conceptual Design and Technoeconomic Analysis

“…As a result, it not only wastes a lot of precious resources but also pollutes the environment. 19,20 Therefore, it is a win−win resulting in integration of COG into the conventional CtEG process.…”

“…Furthermore, even though China’s annual COG production is higher than 7 × 10 10 m 3 , it is only used as a waste where most of them are directly combusted or discharged. As a result, it not only wastes a lot of precious resources but also pollutes the environment. , Therefore, it is a win–win resulting in integration of COG into the conventional CtEG process.…”