Systems Insight into the Spore Germination ofStreptomyces coelicolor

Abstract

An example of bacterium, which undergoes a complex development, is the genus of Streptomyces whose importance lies in their wide capacity to produce secondary metabolites, including antibiotics. In this work, a proteomic approach was applied to the systems study of germination as a transition from dormancy to the metabolically active stage. The protein expression levels were examined throughout the germination time course, the kinetics of the accumulated and newly synthesized proteins were clustered, and proteins detected in each group were identified. Altogether, 104 2DE gel images at 13 time points, from dormant state until 5.5 h of growth, were analyzed. The mass spectrometry identified proteins were separated into functional groups and their potential roles during germination were further assessed. The results showed that the full competence of spores to effectively undergo active metabolism is derived from the sporulation step, which facilitates the rapid initiation of global protein expression during the first 10 min of cultivation. Within the first hour, the majority of proteins were synthesized. From this stage, the full capability of regulatory mechanisms to respond to environmental cues is presumed. The obtained results might also provide a data source for further investigations of the process of germination.

Inference of sigma factor controlled networks by using numerical modeling applied to microarray time series data of the germinating prokaryote

“…Germinating spores have an urgent need for new macromolecules. It was reported (11,13) that just after germination initiation, a rapid boost of translation machinery begins. Translation is expectedly connected with ribosome constituents and amino acid biosynthesis classes of genes, which are necessary components for proteosynthesis.…”

“…(36) where the protein misfolding and aggregation were caused by diamide resulting in an involvement of the SigR regulator in the response to the stress. In addition, the expression of several chaperones and protein modifiers, important for protein reactivation and quality control, were detected at protein level immediately after germination initiation (11,13). Here, for the first time, we were able to suggest a function of a sigma factor that acts during germination in Streptomyces .…”

“…The details regarding S. coelicolor A3(2) M145 spore cultivation and growth were published in our previous work (13). Briefly, spores harvested from agar plates (growth for 14 days) were germinated in liquid AM media at 37°C.…”

“…The grouping was conducted in the same manner as in our previous work (13). To determine a typical kinetic profile of the particular group, we used the k-means clustering method with a Spearman correlation as a distance metric.…”

Positive Feedback Regulation of stgR Expression for Secondary Metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor

“…are typically environmental bacteria, which have evolved to adapt multiple measures to accommodate variable surroundings, such as being in the dormant spore form under hazardous conditions but having active vegetative mycelia under favorable circumstances during their complex morphological development (31). Meanwhile, the secondary metabolites produced during secondary metabolism to inhibit the growth of their surrounding species, especially after nutrition depletion, are ecologically essential for their competitive survival (13).…”