Systems Engineering Methods for Enhancing the Value Stream in Public Health Preparedness: The Role of Markov Models, Simulation, and Optimization

Abstract

The methods employed by the ISE discipline offer powerful new insights to understand and improve public health emergency preparedness and response systems. The models can be used by public health practitioners not only to inform their planning decisions but also to provide a quantitative argument to support public health decision making and investment.

Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Centers: Early Returns on Investment in Evidence-Based Public Health Systems Research

“…The reality is that there is much to be learned by adapting organizational models and theories taken from health services research, operations research, or other research fields to the public health context. The work reported by Enanoria and colleagues 12 -applying the time-tested principles related to mutual aid in the context of epidemiology and surveillance-as well as the work by Yaylali et al 10 in applying systems engineering methods to public health preparedness are examples of adapting outside models to the public health context. This supplement also showcases novel strategies for examining public health emergency response systems, such as Rutkow and colleagues' 13 One common theme among PERRC research is interdependence.…”

“…Five of the PERRC studies described in this issue use data from one or more of the aforementioned events to model or analyze public health system organization or effectiveness. [7][8][9][10][11] As with all of the PERRC research illustrated in this issue, these articles address one or more of the four research priorities noted in the IOM letter report to CDC. 3 PERRC research also addresses cross-cutting issues for preparedness and response, such as identifying and addressing the unique needs of at-risk populations and rural communities.…”

A Drive-through Simulation Tool for Mass Vaccination during COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Studies and available experiences confirm that drive-through mass vaccination clinics offer many advantages and can be an efficient system for rapid and safe vaccinations [ 5 , 8 , 9 ]. However, rapid mass vaccination using the drive-through method requires thoughtful and comprehensive planning, design, trained human resources, and sufficient preparedness to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency [ 10 ].…”

Artificial Intelligence Model of Drive-Through Vaccination Simulation

“…They are only in contact with the immunization staff that are likely vaccinated first and are equipped with personal protection equipment. However, studies show that rapid vaccination using drive-through clinics requires proper site selections and design, human resources management, and careful attention to operational and logistical details [ 8 ].…”