Systems Engineering for Space Exploration Medical Capabilities

Mindock, Jennifer; Reilly, Jeffrey M.; Urbina, Michelle; Hailey, Melinda; Rubin, David A.; Reyes, David; Hanson, Andrea; Burba, T.; McGuire, Kerry; Cerro, Jeffrey A.; Middour, C. K.

doi:10.2514/6.2017-5236

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Risk drivers: The risk drivers were defined and included in the RMP updates to ensure that stakeholders understand how risk can change with different mission parameters. Early in the systems engineering processes for mission design, requirements are generated that ultimately define the level of risk that will be encountered in a mission 10,16 . If mission attributes change later in the design process and requirements are not revisited, the initial assessment of risk may no longer be a valid representation of the risk expected during a given mission.…”

Section: Summarizing Risk Posture Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integrating these 3 flight programs adds to the already complex crew-vehicle design challenges of any one of those vehicles and increases the level of mission complexity as well. An interdisciplinary approach will be required to integrate these flight programs and will result in complex systems that weigh the health, performance, and medical needs of astronauts against the engineering realities of the vehicle, habitat, and spacesuits [9][10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Updates to the NASA human system risk management process for space exploration

Antonsen,

Connell,

Anton

et al. 2023

npj Microgravity

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This paper describes updates to NASA’s approach for assessing and mitigating spaceflight-induced risks to human health and performance. This approach continues to evolve to meet dynamically changing risk environments: lunar missions are currently being designed and the ultimate destination will be Mars. Understanding the risks that astronauts will face during a Mars mission will depend on building an evidence base that informs not only how the humans respond to the challenges of the spaceflight environment, but also how systems and vehicles can be designed to support human capabilities and limitations. This publication documents updates to the risk management process used by the Human System Risk Board at NASA and includes changes to the likelihood and consequence matrix used by the board, the design reference mission categories and parameters, and the standardized evaluation of the levels of evidence that the board accepts when setting risk posture. Causal diagramming, using directed acyclic graphs, provides all stakeholders with the current understanding of how each risk proceeds from a spaceflight hazard to a mission-level outcome. This standardized approach enables improved communication among stakeholders and delineates how and where more knowledge can improve perspective of human system risks and which countermeasures can best mitigate these risks.

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Section: Summarizing Risk Posture Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates to the NASA human system risk management process for space exploration

Antonsen,

Connell,

Anton

et al. 2023

npj Microgravity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When an astronaut cannot wait for instructions from Mission Control, it may be necessary for a non-medically trained crewmember to diagnose medical issues and provide immediate aid. On the ISS, astronauts can talk to doctors for guidance; future systems need to support and guide astronauts through those unlikely scenarios (Krihak et al, 2019; Mindock et al, 2017). NASA is already investing in these technologies (e.g., Yashar et al, 2020; Scott et al, 2021; Thompson, 2018), yet it is critical for astronauts to use these systems with ease and accuracy.…”

Section: Enabling More Autonomous Astronautsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Next Giant Leap for Space Human Factors: The Opportunities

Márquez

Landon²,

Salas

2023

Hum Factors

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Objective Propose areas of future space human factors research. Background Deep space, long-duration human spaceflight missions to the Moon and Mars still require advances in space human factors research. Key drivers relate to astronauts living and working in isolation, new novel technologies required to accomplish exploration missions, and the longer durations of these. Results Three areas of research are proposed for methods and techniques: (1) to enable more autonomous astronauts; (2) to monitor crew and improve ground team situation awareness; and (3) to detect and support changes in long-duration team coordination. Conclusions Future human exploration missions will benefit from advances in space human factors research. Application Human factors researchers can contribute to human spaceflight by prioritizing these research topics.

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“…This requires a system engineering approach inclusive of the human system that identifies, prevents, and mitigates known risks and transparently identifies and accepts residual risks. Mission-relevant medical systems contribute to successful human spaceflight missions by addressing medical and performance risks that cannot be eliminated prior to the mission and those that may result from the mission [1] , [2] , [3] . In addition to addressing medical risks, the inclusion of a crew health and performance system [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] presents the opportunity to enable human research sponsored by the NASA Human Research Program (HRP), other government agencies and space programs, and commercial entities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes for Designing Innovative Biomedical Hardware to Use in Space and on Earth

Kimia

Keith

Reyna

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Eng. Med. Biol.

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The new era of space exploration is increasing the astronaut's number and diversity in low orbit and beyond. The influx of such a diverse crew population will also increase the need for medical technologies to ensure safe and productive missions. Such a need represents a unique opportunity to innovate and develop diagnostics and treatment tools to meet future needs. Historically, terrestrial regulatory oversight of biomedical design processes was considered separate from spaceflight regulatory processes because it did not address spaceflight constraints. These constraints challenge the creative development of unique solutions for use in space. Translation between healthcare innovation in spaceflight to healthcare on Earth and vice versa requires understanding the commonalities, unique needs and constraints. This manuscript provides a framework for comparing Earthspace design processes and a perspective on the best practices to improve healthcare equity and health outcomes.

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Systems Engineering for Space Exploration Medical Capabilities

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Updates to the NASA human system risk management process for space exploration

Updates to the NASA human system risk management process for space exploration

The Next Giant Leap for Space Human Factors: The Opportunities

Processes for Designing Innovative Biomedical Hardware to Use in Space and on Earth

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