Systems consolidation and the content of memory

Wiltgen, Brian J.; Tanaka, Kazumasa Z.

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.06.001

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The hippocampal engram develops at the time of training or very shortly afterwards (401), but those in the cortical areas may take longer (hours, days, weeks), giving the false impression that "memories have migrated" from hippocampus to cortex (262). This false impression became a widely held belief until relatively recently (613,662). The idea of multiple engrams that can be activated by separate or in unison at different times (see Refs.…”

Section: Lessons From Eyeblink Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear Memory

Izquierdo

Furini

Myskiw

2016

Physiological Reviews

370

259

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Fear memory is the best-studied form of memory. It was thoroughly investigated in the past 60 years mostly using two classical conditioning procedures (contextual fear conditioning and fear conditioning to a tone) and one instrumental procedure (one-trial inhibitory avoidance). Fear memory is formed in the hippocampus (contextual conditioning and inhibitory avoidance), in the basolateral amygdala (inhibitory avoidance), and in the lateral amygdala (conditioning to a tone). The circuitry involves, in addition, the pre-and infralimbic ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the central amygdala subnuclei, and the dentate gyrus. Fear learning models, notably inhibitory avoidance, have also been very useful for the analysis of the biochemical mechanisms of memory consolidation as a whole. These studies have capitalized on in vitro observations on long-term potentiation and other kinds of plasticity. The effect of a very large number of drugs on fear learning has been intensively studied, often as a prelude to the investigation of effects on anxiety. The extinction of fear learning involves to an extent a reversal of the flow of information in the mentioned structures and is used in the therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder and fear memories in general.

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Section: Lessons From Eyeblink Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear Memory

Izquierdo

Furini

Myskiw

2016

Physiological Reviews

370

259

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“…In context fear conditioning, for example, hippocampus lesions can impair both recent and remote memory (Lehmann et al 2007). Whether or not systems consolidation occurs appears to depend on the quality of memory that is retrieved during testing and the ability of neocortical regions to compensate when the hippocampus is compromised (Winocur et al 2007(Winocur et al , 2009Wiltgen et al 2010;Goshen et al 2011;Wiltgen and Tanaka 2013). As described in the next sections, new methods for studying memory consolidation can be used to examine these findings and determine how (or whether) they can be integrated with SMC.…”

Section: Animal Models Of Systems Consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New methods for understanding systems consolidation

Tayler

Wiltgen

2013

Learn. Mem.

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According to the standard model of systems consolidation (SMC), neocortical circuits are reactivated during the retrieval of declarative memories. This process initially requires the hippocampus. However, with the passage of time, neocortical circuits become strengthened and can eventually retrieve memory without input from the hippocampus. Although consistent with lesion data, these assumptions have been difficult to confirm experimentally. In the current review, we discuss recent methodological advances in behavioral neuroscience that are making it possible to test the basic assumptions of SMC for the first time. For example, new transgenic mice can be used to monitor the activity of individual neurons across the entire brain while optogenetic approaches provide precise control over the activity of these cells using light stimulation. These tools can be used to examine the reactivation of neocortical neurons during recent and remote memory retrieval and determine if this process requires the hippocampus.

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“…In addition, through a subsequent process called system consolidation, the initial critical role of the hippocampus continues for up to weeks in mice and even up to years in humans, although, over time, it can become dispensable (Squire et al 2004;Wiltgen and Tanaka 2013). As a result, memory loss can still occur weeks after training in animals, and even years in humans, when the hippocampus is either inactivated or ablated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulation of Transcription in Memory Consolidation

Alberini

Kandel

2014

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

297

257

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De novo transcription of DNA is a fundamental requirement for the formation of long-term memory. It is required during both consolidation and reconsolidation, the posttraining and postreactivation phases that change the state of the memory from a fragile into a stable and long-lasting form. Transcription generates both mRNAs that are translated into proteins, which are necessary for the growth of new synaptic connections, as well as noncoding RNA transcripts that have regulatory or effector roles in gene expression. The result is a cascade of events that ultimately leads to structural changes in the neurons that mediate long-term memory storage. The de novo transcription, critical for synaptic plasticity and memory formation, is orchestrated by chromatin and epigenetic modifications. The complexity of transcription regulation, its temporal progression, and the effectors produced all contribute to the flexibility and persistence of long-term memory formation. In this article, we provide an overview of the mechanisms contributing to this transcriptional regulation underlying long-term memory formation.

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Systems consolidation and the content of memory

Cited by 50 publications

References 110 publications

Fear Memory

Fear Memory

New methods for understanding systems consolidation

The Regulation of Transcription in Memory Consolidation

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