Systemic vitamin intake impacting tissue proteomes

Abstract

The kinetics and localization of the reactions of metabolism are coordinated by the enzymes that catalyze them. These enzymes are controlled via a myriad of mechanisms including inhibition/activation by metabolites, compartmentalization, thermodynamics, and nutrient sensing-based transcriptional or post-translational regulation; all of which are influenced as a network by the activities of metabolic enzymes and have downstream potential to exert direct or indirect control over protein abundances. Considering many of these enzymes are active only when one or more vitamin cofactors are present; the availability of vitamin cofactors likely yields a systems-influence over tissue proteomes. Furthermore, vitamins may influence protein abundances as nuclear receptor agonists, antioxidants, substrates for post-translational modifications, molecular signal transducers, and regulators of electrolyte homeostasis. Herein, studies of vitamin intake are explored for their contribution to unraveling vitamin influence over protein expression. As a body of work, these studies establish vitamin intake as a regulator of protein abundance; with the most powerful demonstrations reporting regulation of proteins directly related to the vitamin of interest. However, as a whole, the field has not kept pace with advances in proteomic platforms and analytical methodologies, and has not moved to validate mechanisms of regulation or potential for clinical application.

A Tale of Three Proteomes: Visualizing Protein and Transcript Abundance Relationships in the Breast Cancer Proteome Portal

“…The presented application of the Breast Cancer Proteome Portal is focused on metabolic networks because nutrient status regulates protein expression, which, in turn, regulates cellular metabolism , and drives tumorigenesis; , a theme reinforced by findings that the metabolome and proteome independently stratify tumors according to clinical classification . However, the scope and utility of the Breast Cancer Proteome Portal extends to all cellular processes.…”

Consumption of Dehulled Adlay Improved Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Overweight and Obese Individuals after a 6-Week Single-Arm Pilot Study

“…The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of adlay can be attributed to the flavonoids and various polyphenols in adlay bran [ 11 , 29 ]. In addition, whole-grain foods are dietary sources of nutrients that may potentially affect various metabolic processes [ 30 ], and thus, the replacement of daily staple foods with dehulled adlay, containing 3–5 times the vitamin B and E of polished rice according to the Taiwan Food Composition Databases, may have some beneficial effects on regulating metabolic disorders. A study demonstrated that ethanolic extracts in adlay bran inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory substance production in vitro [ 31 ].…”

Protein Energy Wasting in a Cohort of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh

“…The failure to meet micronutrient requirements is important give their varied roles impacting protein metabolism. Numerous enzymes impacted by vitamin co-factors, can influence protein expression, by virtue of their ability to act as antioxidants, nuclear receptor agonists, and signal transducers [ 31 ] Second , the prevalence of PEW among patients on MHD in KFHRI was estimated at 18% (24% and 11% among males and females, respectively). Prior to our study, PEW amongst HD patients in Bangladesh has not been given importance in terms of being a health issue.…”