Systemic toxicity of paraphenylenediamine

Soni, Sachin; Nagarik, Amit P; Dinaker, Manjunath; Adikey, Gopal Kishan; Raman, Anuradha

doi:10.4103/0019-5359.50766

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In such cases, the edema of face, neck and laryngeal region can be severe enough to cause respiratory distress, hypoxia, and necessitate an early and emergency intubation or tracheostomy, which is lifesaving. [3456789] In our patient, we continued with tracheostomy even after patient developed cardiac arrest as securing airway was the priority and starting cardiac compression could have led to delay in establishing the airway and restoring respiration as hypoxia had preceded the cardiac arrest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[3469] It is also added to Henna ( Lawsonia Alba ) and used in the popular tattooing for its darkening effect. [48]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though, serum creatinine values remained normal throughout the patient's course, acute renal failure is a reported complication of PPD poisoning. [3589] It occurs due to a combination of hypovolemia, toxic injury and myoglobinuria. [56]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hair dye poisoning: An unusual encounter

Tiwari¹,

Ahlawat²

2014

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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A 19-year-old female patient presented with alleged history of hair dye “Super Vasmol 33” intake. She presented with cervicofacial edema with upper airway obstruction. Although patient was being managed for airway obstruction, she developed cardiac arrest. Cardiac resuscitation could not be started at that point of time because managing airway was the priority in a patient who in hypoxic cardiac arrest. As soon as the airway was secured by emergency tracheostomy, cardiac resuscitation was initiated and the patient was successfully revived.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[3469] It is also added to Henna ( Lawsonia Alba ) and used in the popular tattooing for its darkening effect. [48]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hair dye poisoning: An unusual encounter

Tiwari¹,

Ahlawat²

2014

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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“…In a minority of the cases, hematuria, sometimes hemolysis and methaemoglobinuria, and acute renal failure also appear as late effects (Soni et al, 2009; Hooff et al, 2011). In the present study, animals treated with PPD at higher doses (40 and 60 mg/kg) presented the effects corresponding to both phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Metabolic Changes on Muscle Cell Metabolism Underlying p-Phenylenediamine Toxicity

Mas

Marín

Pachón

et al. 2017

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Rhabdomyolysis is a disorder characterized by acute damage of the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle leading to release of potentially toxic muscle cell components into the circulation, most notably creatine phosphokinase (CK) and myoglobulin, and is frequently accompanied by myoglobinuria. In the present work, we evaluated the toxicity of p-phenylenediamine (PPD), a main component of hair dyes which is reported to induce rhabdomyolysis. We studied the metabolic effect of this compound in vivo with Wistar rats and in vitro with C2C12 muscle cells. To this aim we have combined multi-omic experimental measurements with computational approaches using model-driven methods. The integrative study presented here has unveiled the metabolic disorders associated to PPD exposure that may underlay the aberrant metabolism observed in rhabdomyolys disease. Animals treated with lower doses of PPD (10 and 20 mg/kg) showed depressed activity and myoglobinuria after 10 h of treatment. We measured the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) in rats after 24, 48, and 72 h of PPD exposure. At all times, treatment with PPD at higher doses (40 and 60 mg/kg) showed an increase of AST and ALT, and also an increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CK after 24 h. Blood packed cell volume and hemoglobin levels, as well as organs weight at 48 and 72 h, were also measured. No significant differences were observed in these parameters under any condition. PPD induce cell cycle arrest in S phase and apoptosis (40% or early apoptotic cells) on mus musculus mouse C2C12 cells after 24 h of treatment. Incubation of mus musculus mouse C2C12 cells with [1,2-13C2]-glucose during 24 h, subsequent quantification of 13C isotopologues distribution in key metabolites of glucose metabolic network and a computational fluxomic analysis using in-house developed software (Isodyn) showed that PPD is inhibiting glycolysis, non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen turnover, and ATPAse reaction leading to a reduction in ATP synthesis. These findings unveil the glucose metabolism collapse, which is consistent with a decrease in cell viability observed in PPD-treated C2C12 cells and with the myoglubinuria and other effects observed in Wistar Rats treated with PPD. These findings shed new light on muscle dysfunction associated to PPD exposure, opening new avenues for cost-effective therapies in Rhabdomyolysis disease.

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“…In the cases of ACD from TBHT, the dermatitis takes peculiar forms that reflect the tattoo design that has been applied. Sometimes serious systemic allergic reactions may occur [10,11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporary Black Henna Tattoos and Sensitization to para-Phenylenediamine (PPD): Two Paediatric Case Reports and a Review of the Literature

Panfili

Esposito

Cara

2017

IJERPH

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Background: The use of temporary henna tattoos has increased dramatically in recent years, especially in children and adolescents. To obtain a darker colour and prolong the life of the tattoo, red henna, a plant-derived substance, is typically added to para-phenylenediamine (PPD). The mixture is called temporary black henna tattoo (TBHT). Because of its molecular characteristics, PPD can induce skin sensitization that may cause various clinical manifestations with successive exposures, among which the most common is allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). This report describes two paediatric cases of PPD sensitization and ACD after the exposure to TBHT and summarizes the literature on this emerging clinical problem. Case Presentation: We describe two cases of childhood-onset ACD that occurred 2 and 10 days, respectively, after the application of a TBHT during the summer holidays. Patch tests showed an evident positive response to 1% PPD in both cases. Sensitization to PPD occurred in the first case because a previous henna tattoo did not result in overt symptoms; in the second case, the reaction occurred after the same tattoo was retouched. In both cases, hypopigmentation persisted and both the patients and their families were advised to avoid further contact with PPD-containing materials and substances that could lead to cross-reactions. Conclusions: Sensitization to PPD is a growing phenomenon in children. The most common cause appears to be exposure to TBHT in which PPD might be present at unknown or high concentrations. Once sensitization occurs, patients may experience severe clinical symptoms which can present with a persistent hypopigmentation when they are re-exposed to substances that contain or cross-react with PPD. Given the widespread use of PPD, TBHT could adversely affect the daily life of paediatric patients; thus, for this reason, this practice as a fashion accessory must be discouraged. In addition, it is extremely important to provide scientific information on the risks of TBHT to consumers, especially to adolescents and to the parents of younger children to prevent PPD sensitization.

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Systemic toxicity of paraphenylenediamine

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Hair dye poisoning: An unusual encounter

Hair dye poisoning: An unusual encounter

Unveiling the Metabolic Changes on Muscle Cell Metabolism Underlying p-Phenylenediamine Toxicity

Temporary Black Henna Tattoos and Sensitization to para-Phenylenediamine (PPD): Two Paediatric Case Reports and a Review of the Literature

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