2013
DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)70966-6
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Systemic synergism between codeine and morphine in three pain models in mice

Abstract: Abstract:Background: The combination of two analgesic agents offers advantages in pain treatment. Codeine and morphine analgesia is due to activation of opioid receptor subtypes. Methods: This study, performed in mice using isobolographic analysis, evaluated the type of interaction in intraperitoneal (ip) or intrathecal (it) coadministration of codeine and morphine, in three nociceptive behavioral models. Results: Intrathecal morphine resulted to be 7.5 times more potent than ip morphine in the writhing test, … Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…The observation that morphine reversed the acetic acidstimulated stretching in the present study is consistent with several reports (Meymandi and Sepehri, 2008;Miranda et al, 2008Miranda et al, , 2013. Acetic acid-stimulated stretching is associated with peripheral activation of peritoneal immune cells that release a cascade of proinflammatory factors, including the nociceptive cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-8 (Thomazzi et al, 1997;Ribeiro et al, 2000).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…The observation that morphine reversed the acetic acidstimulated stretching in the present study is consistent with several reports (Meymandi and Sepehri, 2008;Miranda et al, 2008Miranda et al, , 2013. Acetic acid-stimulated stretching is associated with peripheral activation of peritoneal immune cells that release a cascade of proinflammatory factors, including the nociceptive cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-8 (Thomazzi et al, 1997;Ribeiro et al, 2000).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…In this occasion, the tests used were tonic pain (acetic acid writhing test), phasic pain (tail flick test) and inflammatory pain (orofacial formalin test). Furthermore, results obtained are in agreement with previous reported different profiles of nociceptive activity of NSAIDs in algesiometer tests [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…The first phase is associated to direct stimulation of nociceptors, whereas the second phase reflects integration between nociceptors and spinal and brainstem signaling (Raboisson and Dallel 2004). Face rubbing with the ipsilateral forepaw due to formalin injection into the vibrissa pad has been mentioned as a specific nociceptive response in rats and mice (Donatti et al 2014;Reisi et al 2014;Miranda et al 2013;Tamaddonfard et al 2011;Luccarini et al 2003).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%