Systemic Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Induced by Phytopthora cryptogea

Abstract

Under climate chamber conditions, suppression of tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) was obtained by spraying a suspension of Phytophthora cryptogea (Pc) zoospores on the green parts of two tomato cultivars, Danish Export (susceptible) and Elin F1 (moderately resistant). Direct competitive or antagonistic interaction between Pc and FOL in the soil or on the root surfaces was ruled out, but not interaction within the stems of plants. After Pc application followed by FOL inoculation, the two cultivars showed no wilt disease symptoms during the 50 days following FOL inoculation, whereas the FOL-control plants were destroyed by wilt within about 40 days. Over a period of 7 weeks, both Pc and FOL were detected inside the stems of plants, for all treatments. Pc and FOL were also found inside the petioles of plants, except for one treatment, Pc application followed by challenge inoculation with FOL. Systemic induced resistance was assumed to be responsible for the observed elimination of disease incidence. It was concluded that, under climate chamber conditions, Pc application to the green parts of tomato plants is a viable alternative for control of disease incidence caused by FOL.

Genome-Wide Characterization of ISR Induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by Trichoderma hamatum T382 Against Botrytis cinerea Infection

“…The nature and composition of ISR strongly depends on the tripartite combination plant-BCA-pathogen (Duijff et al, 1998 ; Tjamos et al, 2005 ) and the overlap between SAR and ISR could be much larger than only through the reported key marker NPR1 (Pieterse et al, 1998 ). In this manuscript, a clear distinction is made between ISR that is induced by BCAs before (ISR-prime) and after (ISR-boost) additional inoculation with a pathogen, a distinction earlier observed by others (van Wees et al, 1999 ; Attitalla et al, 2001 ; Harman et al, 2004 ; Verhagen et al, 2004 ). In 2006, a consortium of different research groups defined the concept of priming in plant defense as follows: various treatments, like inoculation with pathogens or BCAs, are said to prime plants or – in other words – prepare the plants’ defense system to respond to stresses more quickly and aggressively (Prime-A-Plant Group et al, 2006 ).…”

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Biocontrol Mechanism of Bacillus velezensis F21 Against Fusarium Wilt on Watermelon

“…For instance, Duijff et al (1998) investigated that P. fluorescens WCS417r could induce systemic resistance to suppress of Fusarium wilt of tomato. Otherwise, some non-pathogen fungi, such as Phytophthora cryptogea , were also reported to have the ability to induce systemic resistance to Fon in the host (Attitalla et al, 2010). In our study, as shown in Figure 2, 3, we found that the transcripts of two tested genes, Cla01114 and Cla005426 , were both generally stronger in the roots of watermelon pretreated with B. velezensis F21 and then challenged with Fon from 3 dpt to 9 dpt and reached their maximums at 3 dpt compared with the control treatment.…”

Inductions of Defense Response in Tomato against Fusarium Wilt through Inorganic Chemicals as Inducers

“…One of the best strategies developed to manage various diseases is induced resistance. It has been found that pre-application of tomato seedling with bio-agents, plant extracts, avirulent races of pathogens and some inorganic chemical like phosphate salt, (dipotassium/sodium or tripotassium) silicon (SiO 2 ) provided the systemic induced resistance in various crops [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Biochemical and physiological changes associated with induction of resistance are due to the response to inducing agents which are in the form like phytoalexins (Paxtron), lignin [10], callose [11] and plant pathogenesis related proteins [5].…”