Systemic lupus erythematosus with acute pancreatitis and vasculitic rash following COVID-19 vaccine: a case report and literature review

Abstract

) is a global pandemic that is caused by COVID-19 virus, which was initially identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions, and soon after the Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine became available late in 2020, it began to be actively used to fight against COVID-19. Since then, cases of vaccine-associated immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) have been reported. There have been few cases of IMD flare-ups or onset after COVID-19 vaccine administration, and emerging IMDs may be identified over next few years after high use of this vaccine. To this day, few cases of newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) following COVID-19 vaccine exposure were reported. Herein, we present the case of a patient diagnosed with SLE, acute pancreatitis, and vasculitic skin rash on the extremities 1 week after the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Key Point• COVID-19 Vaccine induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

An unusual occurrence of autoimmune pancreatitis after gam‐Covid‐Vac (Sputnik V): A case report and literature review

“…The resolution of symptoms was observed at least 2 days later (median 8 days, minimum 2 days, maximum 6 weeks). The pancreatitis was mostly mild in six cases 12,13,15,19,20,22 and severe in the remaining cases. [16][17][18]21,24 Autoimmune pancreatitis has been reported with SARS-CoV-2 infection because pancreatic cells express ACE-2 receptors, a target of the Covid-19 virus, 26 which may precipitate the emergence of autoimmunity.…”

“…The resolution of symptoms was observed at least 2 days later (median 8 days, minimum 2 days, maximum 6 weeks). The pancreatitis was mostly mild in six cases 12,13,15,19,20,22 and severe in the remaining cases 16–18,21,24 …”

“…As shown in Table 1, pancreatitis occurred after the first dose of the Covid‐19 vaccine in eight patients, 12,14,16,18–22 and after the second dose in four cases 15,17,23,25 . Two cases of acute pancreatitis were identified after the third booster dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech Covid‐19 mRNA vaccine 13 .…”

Insights into new-onset autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 vaccination

“…Lupus nephritis(LN), one of the most severe organ complications of SLE, is a form of glomerulonephritis that is histologically classified into six distinct classes [ 56 ]. To date, at least 12 cases of new-onset SLE induced by COVID-19 vaccination have been reported in the literature, of which two were male and the rest were female [ [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] ] ( Table 3 ). Most cases developed two to three weeks after vaccination ( Table 3 ).…”

COVID-19 and SLE: Infection and autoimmunity at its best

“…For instance, in a review of 22 cases with new-onset autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic disease after receiving COVID-19 vaccine, two patients were found to develop SLE. 51 While one patient did not have a family history of SLE, 52 the other in fact did. 53 Another case series of 31 patients with recently developing autoimmune conditions reported new-onset SLE in 4 patients.…”