Systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancies: a case series from a tertiary, East Malaysian hospital

Teh, Cheng Lay; Wong, Jin Shyan; Ngeh, N.; Loh, W. L. H.

doi:10.1177/0961203308096661

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with prior reports, newly-diagnosed SLE during pregnancy was more likely to involve the kidney and platelets. [17][18][19] It was previously reported that the abortion rate in pregnant patients with SLE was 8 to 24%, 20 which was comparable to the 24.5% in this study. The incidence of premature births was 26.7%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Prognosis in Pregnant Females With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Liu

Zhou

2017

Arch Rheumatol

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Objectives:This study aims to analyze the relationship between pregnancy and lupus, and explore the risk factors that adversely affect maternal and infant outcomes. Patients and methods:The pregnancy outcomes in 112 pregnant females (mean age 24.3±2.8 years; range 20 to 35 years) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were retrospectively analyzed. Pregnancy outcomes before and after pregnancy were compared, and the associations with lupus nephritis, positive anti-Ro/SSA antibody, positive La/SSB antibody, complement 3 and complement 4, high blood pressure, positive anticardiolipin (aCL) antibody, Raynaud's phenomenon, and lupus recurrence were evaluated. Factors contributing to adverse outcomes were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: The live birth rate in females diagnosed with SLE before a pregnancy was higher than that in females diagnosed with SLE after a pregnancy. The fetal mortality rate in females diagnosed with SLE after a pregnancy was higher than that in females diagnosed with SLE before a pregnancy. However, the abortion rate in females diagnosed with SLE before a pregnancy was also significantly higher than that in females diagnosed with SLE after a pregnancy. The incidence of preterm birth in females diagnosed with SLE after a pregnancy was higher than that in females diagnosed with SLE after a pregnancy. Preterm birth was more likely to occur in females positive for Ro/SSA antibody. Patients with hypertension and Raynaud's phenomenon had a higher risk of intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, the presence of aCL antibody was associated with pregnancy loss. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that many factors might be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including lupus nephritis, positive Ro/SSA antibody, positive La/SSB antibody, complement 3 and complement 4, positive aCL antibody, lupus recurrence, hypertension, and Raynaud's phenomenon. Conclusion: Lupus nephritis, Ro/SSA antibody, aCL antibody, hypertension, Raynaud's phenomenon, and lupus recurrence are important factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Prognosis in Pregnant Females With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Liu

Zhou

2017

Arch Rheumatol

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“…Many studies support maternal and pregnancy benefit of HCQ and low risk for mother and fetus . Potential contraindications include allergy, adverse side effects, or intolerance.…”

Section: Results/recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Reproductive Health in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Sammaritano

Bermas

Chakravarty

et al. 2020

Arthritis & Rheumatology

437

520

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Objective To develop an evidence‐based guideline on contraception, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), fertility preservation with gonadotoxic therapy, use of menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), pregnancy assessment and management, and medication use in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease (RMD). Methods We conducted a systematic review of evidence relating to contraception, ART, fertility preservation, HRT, pregnancy and lactation, and medication use in RMD populations, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to rate the quality of evidence and a group consensus process to determine final recommendations and grade their strength (conditional or strong). Good practice statements were agreed upon when indirect evidence was sufficiently compelling that a formal vote was unnecessary. Results This American College of Rheumatology guideline provides 12 ungraded good practice statements and 131 graded recommendations for reproductive health care in RMD patients. These recommendations are intended to guide care for all patients with RMD, except where indicated as being specific for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, those positive for antiphospholipid antibody, and/or those positive for anti‐Ro/SSA and/or anti‐La/SSB antibodies. Recommendations and good practice statements support several guiding principles: use of safe and effective contraception to prevent unplanned pregnancy, pre‐pregnancy counseling to encourage conception during periods of disease quiescence and while receiving pregnancy‐compatible medications, and ongoing physician‐patient discussion with obstetrics/gynecology collaboration for all reproductive health issues, given the overall low level of available evidence that relates specifically to RMD. Conclusion This guideline provides evidence‐based recommendations developed and reviewed by panels of experts and RMD patients. Many recommendations are conditional, reflecting a lack of data or low‐level data. We intend that this guideline be used to inform a shared decision‐making process between patients and their physicians on issues related to reproductive health that incorporates patients’ values, preferences, and comorbidities.

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“…[8][9]12 Unfavorable pregnancy outcome has been reported to be associated with specific factors which include active disease during pregnancy, renal involvement, hypocomplementemia, and antibodies to Ro/SSA, etc. 6,9,12 There are a few reports on pregnancies in SLE patients from Asia, 13 but pregnancy studies in patients with SLE from the Middle East are negligible. However, a report has been published very recently from western Saudi Arabia which deals with pregnancies in a small subset of SLE patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy outcome in 396 pregnancies in patients with SLE in Saudi Arabia

Arfaj

Khalil

2010

Lupus

126

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The aim of this study was to examine the pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the effect of SLE flare and treatment on pregnancy outcomes. We performed a retrospective evaluation of all pregnancies occurring in patients with SLE during the 27-year period from 1980 to 2006. Of the 319 women with SLE planning pregnancy after SLE onset, 176 (55.2%) conceived resulting in 396 pregnancies. Live births were significantly lower in proportion (70.2% vs. 85.7%) and more likely to end in fetal deaths (29.7% vs. 14.2%) and preterm births (26.7% vs. 5.8 %) in pregnancies occurring after SLE onset than in pregnancies occurring before SLE onset (p < 0.0001). With respect to different disease manifestations, we found that fetal loss was significantly higher in patients with antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies than without (p < 0.001). Preterm deliveries were significantly more frequent in patients with lupus nephritis, anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, hypertension, history of intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment and aPL than those without these features (p < 0.05). Neonates with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) neonates were more common in hypertensive and Raynaud's-positive pregnancies (p < 0.05). SLE flares occurred in 30.8% pregnancies. There was increased risk of fetal loss, preterm births and IUGR in pregnancies with SLE exacerbations than without (p < 0.05). Prednisolone was found to improve the rate of live births, although it was also a predictor of prematurity. The predictors of pregnancy loss were lupus nephritis (odds ratio (OR) 7.3), aPL (OR 3.9), and SLE flares in pregnancy (OR 1.9). There was higher risk of preterm deliveries in patients with lupus nephritis (OR 18.9), anti-Ro antibodies (OR 13.9), hypertension (OR 15.7) and SLE flares (OR 2.5). IUGR was found to be associated with hypertension (OR 37.7), Raynaud's (OR 12.3), and SLE flares (OR 4.2). In conclusion, pregnancies in SLE patients with active lupus nephritis, anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, aPL, hypertension, Raynaud's phenomenon, active disease at conception and SLE exacerbations are at a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is important to carefully plan pregnancy, and experienced rheumatologists and obstetricians should monitor SLE patients in pregnancy and postpartum.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancies: a case series from a tertiary, East Malaysian hospital

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Prognosis in Pregnant Females With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Prognosis in Pregnant Females With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Reproductive Health in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Pregnancy outcome in 396 pregnancies in patients with SLE in Saudi Arabia

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