“…A review of 20 years of empirical studies concerning nonprofit organization effectiveness found that organizational effectiveness, illustrating how effective the organization reaches its goals based on resource allocating and adaptation to the external conditions (Islam, Said, Sumardi, & Rahman, 2020; Douglas, Merritt, Roberts, & Watkins, 2021), was both a powerful and problematic concept (Forbes, 1998). It involved various aspects such as communication effectiveness, decision-making effectiveness (Hagerer, 2019), competing advantages (Jha, 2019) and fulfilling of stakeholders' demands (Thompson, 2021).…”