Systemic injury caused by taurocholate‑induced severe acute pancreatitis in rats

Abstract

Systemic injury plays a central role in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Retrograde biliopancreatic duct infusion of sodium taurocholate (NaT) is commonly used to establish SAP animal models. To better characterize the systemic injury in this model, SAP was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by NaT administration (3.5 or 5%), followed by sacrifice at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Normal saline was used as a control in Sham-operated rats. The mortality rate, ascites volume, and serum and ascitic fluid amylase and lipase activities were assessed. Multiple organ dysfunction, including dysfunction of the pancreas, lung, ileum, liver, and kidney, was investigated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the ascitic fluid, serum, and ileum tissues were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tight junction proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, in ileum tissues were studied using immunofluorescence. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (CRE) and urea levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The results of the present study indicated that both 3.5 and 5% NaT could induce a stable elevation of pancreatitis indices, with histopathological injury of the pancreas, lungs and ileum (5% NaT). The ascitic fluid levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were increased in the 5% NaT group. ALT and AST levels increased temporarily and recovered in 72 h, without a significant increase in CRE and urea levels or apparent hepatic and renal pathological injury. In conclusion, rats with NaT-induced SAP have characteristics of necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis with multiple organ injuries, including inflammatory lung injury, ischemic intestinal injury and slight liver and kidney injuries.

Yinchenhao Decoction Protects Against Acute Liver Injury in Mice With Biliary Acute Pancreatitis by Regulating the Gut Microflora–Bile Acids–Liver Axis

“…Effective animal models are crucial for investigating disease mechanisms and devising intervention tactics. The scientific community widely acknowledges that retrograde biliopancreatic duct infusion of sodium taurocholate can provoke BAP by mimicking the inflammatory processes linked to clinical BAP in humans [ 24 , 25 ]. Bile acid plays a critical role in preserving homeostasis within the gut-liver axis [ 48 ].…”

“…Prior to the experiment, the animals were fasted with free access to water for 24 h after acclimation. BAP in mice was induced by retrograde infusion of 2% sodium taurocholate (Bailingwei Technology Co., Ltd., China) into the biliopancreatic duct at 0.6 mL/min with a microinfusion pump (1.0 mL·kg −1 BW) [ 24 , 25 ]. For the same procedure, the mice in the NC group were given an equivalent amount of saline (0.9% NaCl) instead of sodium taurocholate.…”

Elimination of intracellular Ca2+ overload by BAPTA‑AM liposome nanoparticles: A promising treatment for acute pancreatitis

“…Establishment of the sodium taurocholate (TC)-induced AP rat model. The in vivo retrograde injection of TC into the common biliopancreatic duct is a widely accepted experimental model for mimicking AP (33,34). This model involves a sequential process characterized by excessive activation and release of pancreatic enzymes, inflammatory cascades and eventually, pancreatic necrosis.…”

The Beneficial Effects of Lipoic Acid Versus Coenzyme Q10 on Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Albino Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical study

“…H&E stained sections were blindly assessed for each group by three examiners according to the following scoring criteria [24] : i) interstitial edema: 0 points= none, 1 point= interlobular, 2 points= lobule involvement, and 3 points= isolated island-like acinar cells; ii) leukocyte infiltration: 0 points= none, 1 point=< 20 %, 2 points= 20 -50 %, and 3 points=> 50 %; iii) acinar cell necrosis: 0 points=none, 1 point=<5%, 2 points= 5 -20 %, and 3 points=>20%; (iv) hemorrhage: 0 points= none, 1 point= 12 ,2-points= 3 -5 and 3 points=> 20 %.…”