Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis: Association with the parasite load and host factors

Beletić, Anđelo; Janjić, Filip; Radaković, Milena; Spariosu, Kristina; Andrić, Jelena Francuski; Chandrashekar, Ramaswamy; Tyrrell, Phyllis; Radonjić, Vladimir; Balint, Bela; Ajtić, Jelena; Filipović, Milica Kovačević

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109366

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our findings indicate that B. canis infection frequently was associated with SIRS (37%) and multi‐organ involvement (48%), as described in previous case reports 25,31 . The presence of SIRS did not correlate with the severity of parasitemia but was a negative prognostic factor in some studies 31,32 . Thirty‐two percent of the dogs described here had renal abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“… 25 , 31 The presence of SIRS did not correlate with the severity of parasitemia but was a negative prognostic factor in some studies. 31 , 32 Thirty‐two percent of the dogs described here had renal abnormalities. Different pathomechanisms such as hypoxia, hypotension, vascular stasis caused by sludging of erythrocytes, and damage to the kidneys by hemoglobin have been considered as possible mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany

Weingart

Helm

Müller

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Vector-borne diseases are of increasing importance in Germany. Since 2015, autochthonous cases have been increasingly documented in Berlin/ Brandenburg.Objectives: Describe autochthonous Babesia canis infection in the Berlin/ Brandenburg region.Animals: Forty-nine dogs with autochthonous B. canis infection.Methods: Evaluation of history, clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities, treatment, and outcome.Results: Dogs were presented between March and August (9) and September and January (40) in the years 2015-2021. Historical and clinical findings were lethargy (100%), pale mucous membranes (63%), fever (50%), and pigmenturia (52%). Common clinicopathological findings were thrombocytopenia (100%), anemia (85%), intravascular hemolysis (52%), pancytopenia (41%), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; 37%). Babesia detection was based on blood smear evaluation (n = 40) and PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasms (n = 49). Sequencing indicated 99.47% to 100% identity to B. canis sequences from GenBank. All dogs were treated with imidocarb (2.4-6.3 mg/kg; median, 5 mg/kg); 8 dogs received 1, 35 received 2, and 1 dog each received 3, 4, or 5 injections, respectively. Continued PCR-positive results were detected in 7 dogs after the 1st, in 5 after the 2nd, in 2 after the 3rd, and in 1 28 days after the 4th injection. Four dogs were euthanized and 3 dogs died.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany

Weingart

Helm

Müller

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Leukopenia occurs in about half of the dogs infected with B. canis (7) and its severity is related to the intensity of the inflammatory response (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reticulocyte Response in Paired Blood Samples of Babesia canis Infected Young and Adult Dogs

Milanović,

Božović,

Bojić-Trbojević

et al. 2024

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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Acute B. canis infection can lead to an acute phase reaction (APR) in dogs. The parasite invades red blood cells causing anemia through immune-mediated hemolysis and possible erythropoietic suppression. A regenerative response of the erythroid lineage during the babesiosis has not been described in extension. This research examines hematologic parameters focusing on the absolute reticulocyte count and apolipoprotein A I (ApoA I) level on the day of admission and 14 days after treatment with imidocarb-dipropionate in young (n=11) and adult (n=11) dogs naturally infected with B. canis. Metabolic and inflammatory processes were characterized by analyzing protein and lipid profiles, as well as ApoA I at specified time points. Automated analyzers were used to determine complete blood count and biochemical parameters, while ApoA I was assessed using radioimmunoassay. The reticulocyte count was determined using a manual method by means of supravital staining. Both young and adult dogs with acute B. canis infection showed non-regenerative anemia without difference. Fourteen days after successful treatment with imidocarb-dipropionate, the anemia was corrected and a high reticulocyte count was observed (p<0.05). This indicates that the erythroid regenerative response was efficient in young and adult dogs, although vital signs, leukocyte count and triglyceride concentration suggest a more intense APR in young dogs. A decrease in ApoA I in both groups 14 days after treatment (p<0.01) confirmed that this lipoprotein acts as a positive acute-phase protein in acute B. canis infection in dogs, but further studies are needed to connect its role in erythroid lineage regeneration.

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“…In addition, haptoglobin (HPT) removes free hemoglobin from the blood and prevents iron-driven oxidative damage [14]. Both acute and asymptomatic B. canis infections are characterized by CER levels above and PON-1 levels below the reference interval [15,16]. HPT concentration also changes in the course of B. canis infection refl ecting the hemolytic and infl ammatory nature of the disease [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HPT concentration also changes in the course of B. canis infection refl ecting the hemolytic and infl ammatory nature of the disease [17]. Although it was previously shown that dogs with acute B. canis infection have low antioxidant defense and high MDA values [8], as well as increased APPs [15], a more comprehensive research about long-term consequences on redox homeostasis in RBCs and plasma/serum has not been done.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Changes in Hematological Parameters, Levels of Acute Phase Proteins and Redox Homeostasis during Acute Babesia canis Infection in Dogs

et al. 2021

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Hemolysis and systemic acute inflammation characterize canine babesiosis caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia canis. Our hypothesis was that blood redox homeostasis of patients that suffered acute B. canis infection might be disturbed even after treatment with imidocarb-dipropionate and successful clinical recovery. Eight owner dogs with acute B. canis infection were used for this study. We analyzed the complete blood count, acute phase proteins (ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, paraoxonase-1) in the serum, antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in the erythrocytes, and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde in erythrocytes and thiol groups in serum) at presentation and 15 days after treatment. Results were evaluated by corresponding statistical tests. At presentation, anemia, low/normal leukocyte count and severe thrombocytopenia occurred together with increased ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin levels within the reference interval, decreased paraoxonase-1 and compromised antioxidant defense in the red blood cells. After treatment and successful clinical recovery, hematological values generally fitted within the reference intervals, acute phase proteins were within the physiological levels in the majority of cases and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes were increased. However, elevated malondialdehyde levels indicated increased oxidative damage of erythrocytes that remained as a deleterious sequel despite a successful clinical recovery of the dogs.

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Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis: Association with the parasite load and host factors

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany

Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany

Reticulocyte Response in Paired Blood Samples of Babesia canis Infected Young and Adult Dogs

Relationship between Changes in Hematological Parameters, Levels of Acute Phase Proteins and Redox Homeostasis during Acute Babesia canis Infection in Dogs

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