Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple-organ damage / dysfunction in complicated canine babesiosis

Abstract

This study was designed to document the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in dogs with complicated babesiosis, and to assess their impact on outcome. Ninety-one cases were evaluated retro-spectively for SIRS and 56 for MODS. The liver, kidneys, lungs, central nervous system and musculature were assessed. Eighty-seven percent of cases were SIRS-positive. Fifty-two percent of the cases assessed for organ damage had single-organ damage and 48 % had MODS. Outcome was not significantly affected by either SIRS or MODS, but involvement of specific organs had a profound effect. Central nervous system involvement resulted in a 57 times greater chance of death and renal involvement in a 5-fold increased risk compared to all other complications. Lung involvement could not be statistically evaluated owing to co-linearity with other organs, but was associated with high mortality. Liver and muscle damage were common, but did not significantly affect outcome. There are manysimilarities between the observations in this study and previous human and animal studies in related fields, lending additional support to the body of evidence for shared underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in systemic inflammatory states

Assessment of renal dysfunction using urinary markers in canine babesiosis caused by Babesia rossi

“…There is enough evidence to suggest that renal dysfunction is a serious complication associated with canine babesiosis that has been shown to influence outcome (Lobetti and Jacobson, 2001;Welzl et al, 2001). Therefore, sensitive markers are necessary for the early diagnosis of renal dysfunction in canine babesiosis.…”

“…Two main pathophysiologic mechanisms are thought to be responsible for the clinical signs: a hemolytic anemia, primarily of immune-mediated origin, and a severe systemic inflammatory response (Reyers et al, 1998). The presence of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome did not significantly affect the outcome in cases of complicated canine babesiosis (Welzl et al, 2001). However, the involvement of specific organ systems was found to influence outcome.…”

Serial plasma glucose changes in dogs suffering from severe dog bite wounds

“…The trend seems to be the same as that in a previous retrospective study done on dogs with bacteraemia, in which 81.7 % of the dogs met the criteria for SIRS 17 . The criteria used for classification of SIRS 19,44 have been questioned, because a large percentage of clinically healthy dogs have respiratory rates higher than 20 17 . A limited number of significant associations were found between the predictor variables and plasma glucose concentration.…”

“…Tissue trauma with or without infection can initiate the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), in which multiple inflammatory, immunological, coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades are activated and interact 18,20 . SIRS is characterised by hypermetabolism, a hyperdynamic cardiovascular state and clinical manifestations of fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and leucocytosis or leucopaenia 4,18,44 . Sepsis has been defined as SIRS with infection and severe sepsis as SIRS with infection and haemodynamic compromise 18,20 .…”

Clinical, haematological, cytokine and acute phase protein changes during experimental Babesia gibsoni infection of beagle puppies

“…Infection with babesial parasites induces a systemic inflammatory response in the host and this is considered to be a major feature of the pathophysiology of canine babesiosis which contributes to its diverse clinical manifestations (Welzl et al, 2001;Matijatko et al, 2007;Koster et al, 2009;Schetters et al, 2009). Cytokines play a critical role in the initiation and M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 5 development of systemic inflammation and are responsible for mediating and regulating all aspects of the immune response to infection (Borghetti et al, 2009;Lewis et al, 2012).…”