Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Age-Associated Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Клюшник, Т. П.; Андросова, Л В; Mikhaylova, N. M.; Колыхалов, И. В.; Zozulya, S A; Дупин, А. М.

doi:10.1007/s11055-019-00739-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In accordance with our results, previous studies indicated that Chronic low-grade inflammation is present in patients with cognitive impairment & peripheral CRP concentrations were negatively correlated with MMSE scores in AD patients. 40,41 Our results are also consistent with the results of two Meta-analysis published in 2019 about the role of peripheral cytokines and chemokines in AD and MCI. 42,43 They revealed consistently elevated concentrations of inflammatory bio-markers in AD patients, whereas no consistent results were obtained for elevated concentrations of cytokines or chemokines in MCI patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…CRP has been also detected in the senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of patients with Alzheimer's disease. 11,12 Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family. ACT has been involved in the pathogenesis of AD, since elevated levels of ACT are found in the brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between apolipoprotein E genotyping, serum inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive functions in Egyptian elderly

Amer

Hamza

Shaltoot

et al. 2021

EJI

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There is evidence consistent with the hypothesis that genetic, inflammatory and immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between Apolipoprotein E (Apo E), serum levels of inflammatory markers, and cognitive functions among elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to elderly with normal cognitive function. 88 participants (≥60 years) from Ain Shams University Hospital were enrolled. They were divided into 3 groups: Group A (32 elderly patients with AD), Group B (32 elderly patients with MCI) and Group C (24 controls with normal cognitive function). All participants were subjected to comprehensive geriatric assessment, Apo E genotyping, measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), by PCR-RFLP, ELIZA and semi-quantitative method respectively. The most common variant of Apo E gene was E3/E3 being more frequent in healthy control group (HC) than the other two groups and the least common variant was E4/E4 detected only in the AD group. ApoE4 allele was associated with 40.6% of AD patients (where 31.4% were heterozygous and 8.6 % homozygous) and 17.1% of MCI patients, whereas ApoE2 was more prevalent in the control group (P<0.05). A significant difference was observed when Mini mental status Examination (MMSE) score in different Apo E alleles was compared (P<0.01). The highest score was associated with (E2/E3) allele whereas, the lowest score was associated with (E4/E4) allele. Regarding inflammatory markers; CRP levels showed a statistically significant difference between the 3 groups and were higher in the AD group than the other 2 groups. (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups as regard ACT level (P>0.05). Carriers of at least one E4 allele showed great risk to develop AD when combined with high CRP serum levels (OR = 36; CI: 11.4-113.7; P< 0.01). In conclusion, Apo E together with CRP may be a useful tool to predict Alzheimer’s disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between apolipoprotein E genotyping, serum inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive functions in Egyptian elderly

Amer

Hamza

Shaltoot

et al. 2021

EJI

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“…This phenomenon forms part of the acute-phase immune response which sees significant increase in acute-phase proteins such as C reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen, produced by the liver in response to inflammatory cytokines [200]. CRP levels are elevated in the serum [99] and blood [201] of AD patients. Immunohistochemical analyses of AD brains show CRP associated with senile plaques [202] and NFTs [203].…”

Section: Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systems View Provides a Unifying Explanation of Its Development

Grobler

Tongeren

Gettemans

et al. 2023

JAD

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting 50 million people globally. It is characterized by the presence of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, consisting of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, respectively. Despite global research efforts, there is currently no cure available, due in part to an incomplete understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Numerous possible mechanisms, or hypotheses, explaining the origins of sporadic or late-onset AD have been proposed, including the amyloid-β, inflammatory, vascular, and infectious hypotheses. However, despite ample evidence, the failure of multiple trial drugs at the clinical stage illuminates the possible pitfalls of these hypotheses. Systems biology is a strategy which aims to elucidate the interactions between parts of a whole. Using this approach, the current paper shows how the four previously mentioned hypotheses of AD pathogenesis can be intricately connected. This approach allows for seemingly contradictory evidence to be unified in a system-focused explanation of sporadic AD development. Within this view, it is seen that infectious agents, such as P. gingivalis, may play a central role. The data presented here shows that when present, P. gingivalis or its virulence factors, such as gingipains, may induce or exacerbate pathologies underlying sporadic AD. This evidence supports the view that infectious agents, and specifically P. gingivalis, may be suitable treatment targets in AD.

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“…В наших предыдущих клинико-биологических исследованиях у пациентов с БА также было выявлено увеличение уровня провоспалительного цитокина IL-6, острофазных белков СРБ и α1-ПИ, что согласуется с результатами других авторов [4,5]. Вместе с тем наблюдалась особенность спектра иммунных маркеров, связанная с низкой активностью в крови лейкоцитарной эластазы, отрицательно коррелирующей с тяжестью БА [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Predicting the Dynamics of Mild Cognitive Impairment According to Immunological Parameters

Androsova,

Ponomaryova,

Simonov

et al. 2023

Psychiatry

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Background: neuroin flammation is an important link in the pathogenesis of pre-dementia cognitive impairment and the development of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease.The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of inflaammatory markers (enzymatic activity of LE and its inhibitor alpha1-PI) at the stage of mild cognitive impairment for subsequent follow-up evaluation.Patients and methods: a total of 103 patients with an amnesic type of mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) aged 50 to 89 years (mean age 68.1 ± 9.4 years) were examined. Mental status of the patients was assessed clinically and by psychometric scales and tests. After 3 years of observation, the patients were divided into two groups depending on the dynamics of cognitive status: the 1st group consisted of 49 patients with progression of cognitive decline to the degree of dementia; the 2nd group included 54 patients with a stable state of cognitive functions. The control group included 61 subjects of the same age and gender. The enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and the functional activity of the α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) were determined in blood plasma. Cluster analysis was used to isolate immunotypes.Results: the functional activity of α1-PI at the starting point of the study in patients of both follow-up groups exceeded the control values (p = 0.000001, p = 0.000006, respectively). Follow-up groups differed in LE activity at the initial stage. In patients of the 1st group (with an increase in cognitive impairment) LE activity did not differ from the control values (p = 0.144651). Group 2 (with stable cognitive functions) was characterized by a significantly higher LE activity compared to the controls (p = 0.000000). Cluster analysis made it possible to identify two immunotypes that differed in LE activity. In the 1st cluster, LE activity was within the control range and below, it mainly included patients of the 1st follow-up group (68.3%). In the 2nd cluster LE activity exceeded the control values, this cluster mainly consisted of patients of the 2nd follow-up group (85.0%) (χ2 = 27.82, p = 0.0000).Conclusion: the revealed reliable differences in the distribution of follow-up groups for immunological clusters indicate the possibility of using indicators of LE and α1-PI activity for diagnosing and predicting the dynamics of mild cognitive decline.

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Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Age-Associated Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Interaction between apolipoprotein E genotyping, serum inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive functions in Egyptian elderly

Interaction between apolipoprotein E genotyping, serum inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive functions in Egyptian elderly

Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systems View Provides a Unifying Explanation of Its Development

Predicting the Dynamics of Mild Cognitive Impairment According to Immunological Parameters

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