Systemic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by elevated levels of CCL2

Adipose tissue inflammation and liver fat in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy

“…CCL2, secreted by adipocytes and endothelial cells, is a potent macrophage-attracting chemokine, the expression of which is increased in obese human adipose tissue (9,34). Expression of CCL2 is also increased in human hepatosteatosis (14). In rodents, CCL2 has been shown to contribute to insulin resistance (16,34) and to adipocyte dedifferentiation (34).…”

“…Isolated RNA was stored at Ϫ80°C until quantification of the target mRNAs. A total of 0.1 g of RNA was transcribed into cDNA using Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) and oligo(dT) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] primers.…”

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease risk

“…Patients with NAFLD have lower levels of adiponectin compared with healthy control subjects, independent of components of the metabolic syndrome [46,48,49]. This observation may be relevant because some studies have shown that lower levels of adiponectin are associated with CVD [50].…”

“…Kerner et al [45] found an association of ALT with CRP. In contrast, Haukeland et al [46] studied the role of systemic inflammation in individuals with NAFLD and NASH compared with healthy control subjects. It was demonstrated that interleukin-6, but not CRP, after adjustment for BMI, age, and sex, was elevated in NAFLD compared with control subjects and tumor necrosis factor-was higher in NASH compared with NAFLD [46].…”

“…In contrast, Haukeland et al [46] studied the role of systemic inflammation in individuals with NAFLD and NASH compared with healthy control subjects. It was demonstrated that interleukin-6, but not CRP, after adjustment for BMI, age, and sex, was elevated in NAFLD compared with control subjects and tumor necrosis factor-was higher in NASH compared with NAFLD [46]. Of interest, a study by Targher et al [47] demonstrated that CRP was elevated in individuals with NAFLD, but this association was largely explained by the amount of visceral fat.…”