Systemic immune aberrations in Alzheimer's disease patients

Bonotis, Konstantinos; Krikki, Eleni; Holeva, Vasiliki; Aggouridaki, Christina; Costa, Vassiliki; Baloyannis, Stavros

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.10.020

Cited by 121 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We did not observe significant differences in CXCL8 and CXCL10 levels between controls and patients. Similar data were obtained in previous studies 14,19 . We found that only the CSF levels of CCL2 were significant increased in subjects with AD compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Immunoreactivity for some chemokines has been demonstrated in resident cells of the CNS, and the up regulation of some of them is associated with the pathological changes found in AD 13 . A growing body of evidence is implying inflammatory mechanisms and immune system alterations in the pathophisiology of AD 2,8,19 . In this setting, CXCL10, CCL2, and CXCL8 levels were evaluated in CSF of patients with AD and compared with age-matched controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemokines in CSF of Alzheimer's disease patients

Corrêa

Starling

Teixeira

et al. 2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Some studies have linked the presence of chemokines to the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Then, the identification of these mediators may contribute to diagnosis. Our objective was to evaluate the levels of beta-amyloid (BA), tau, phospho-tau (p-tau) and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL8 and CXCL10) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and healthy controls. The correlation of these markers with clinical parameters was also evaluated. The levels of p-tau were higher in AD compared to controls, while the tau/p-tau ratio was decreased. The expression of CCL2 was increased in AD. A positive correlation was observed between BA levels and all chemokines studied, and between CCL2 and p-tau levels. Our results suggest that levels of CCL2 in CSF are involved in the pathogenesis of AD and it may be an additional useful biomarker for monitoring disease progression. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, cerebrospinal fluid, chemokines, inflammation.Quimiocinas no LCR de pacientes portadores da doença de Alzheimer RESUMO Alguns estudos têm relacionado a presença de quimiocinas com estágios iniciais da doença de Alzheimer (ALZ). A identificação desses mediadores pode contribuir para um diagnóstico precoce. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de beta-amiloide (BA), tau, fosfo-tau (p-tau) e quimiocinas (CCL2, CXCL8 e CXCL10) no líquido cefalorraquidiano dos pacientes com ALZ e controles saudáveis e a correlação destes marcadores com parâmetros clínicos. Os níveis de p-tau foram maiores nos pacientes com ALZ em relação aos controles, enquanto a razão tau/p-tau foi menor. Houve um aumento significativo de CCL2. Uma correlação positiva foi encontrada entre os níveis de BA e todas as quimiocinas estudadas e também entre os níveis de CCL2 e p-tau. Nossos resultados sugerem que a presença de CCL2 está envolvida na patogênese da ALZ e que esta quimiocina pode ser um marcador adicional para monitorar a progressão da doença. Palavras-chave: doença de Alzheimer, líquido cefalorraquidiano, quimiocinas, inflamação.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokines in CSF of Alzheimer's disease patients

Corrêa

Starling

Teixeira

et al. 2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Higher mean levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in patients with dementia have been detected [124] . It has also been reported that serum and LPS-stimulated blood cell IL-10 concentrations were unchanged in AD [125,126] . Studies have demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is produced by activated microglia in response to Aβ, but TNFα-levels also increase in serum with age [127] .…”

Section: Cytokines and Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

Humpel

Hochstrasser²

2011

WJP

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Due to an ever aging society and growing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the challenge to meet social and health care system needs will become increasingly difficult. Unfortunately, a definite ante mortem diagnosis is not possible. Thus, an early diagnosis and identification of AD patients is critical for promising, early pharmacological interventions as well as addressing health care needs. The most advanced and most reliable markers are β-amyloid, total tau and phosphorylated tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In blood, no single biomarker has been identified despite an intense search over the last decade. The most promising approaches consist of a combination of several bloodbased markers increasing the reliability, sensitivity and specificity of the AD diagnosis. However, contradictory data make standardized testing methods in longitudinal and multi-center studies extremely difficult. In this review, we summarize a range of the most promising CSF and blood biomarkers for diagnosing AD.

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“…No significant role for IL-8 has been found, either in the diagnosis or in the classification of AD [146].…”

Section: Interleukin-8 (Il-8)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic and Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer`s Disease

Momeni¹,

Ferrari²

2010

TONMEDJ

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. AD is highly heritable, with a complex pattern. Although clinical diagnosis is based on accurate and well defined diagnostic criteria (NINCDS-ADRDA), the definite diagnosis relies on the postmortem pathological findings. The need for measures for the early detection of AD, as well as the need to distinguish between AD and other forms of dementia, has put great emphasis on the discovery of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. In clinical practice, there is need for non-invasive, accurate methods for the early detection and differential diagnosis of AD. The successful identification and development of the biomarkers, depends completely on the understanding of pathology, genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the disease. As blood is a circulating dynamic tissue and transcription reflects the ongoing changes in the system, it makes the transcriptional profiling of the blood cells, potentially, the most sensitive source for transcriptional biomarkers. A systematic comparison of the genetic and proteomic blood biomarkers in patients and healthy controls can reveal additional potential candidates for AD. In the first part of this review, we would like to discuss the most recent genetic findings and their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. In the second part, we review the blood biomarkers which can be derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), serum, and plasma. We discus three main category of bio-molecules, namely DNA, RNA (miRNA and mRNA), and protein as well as their possible role in the hypothetical mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of AD. A dynamic interaction between the genetic findings through the whole genome association studies and biomarkers discovery can advance our knowledge of AD pathogenesis beyond the scope of each field independently.

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Systemic immune aberrations in Alzheimer's disease patients

Cited by 121 publications

References 29 publications

Chemokines in CSF of Alzheimer's disease patients

Chemokines in CSF of Alzheimer's disease patients

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

Genetic and Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer`s Disease

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