Systemic<i>Candida parapsilosis</i>Infection Model in Immunosuppressed ICR Mice and Assessing the Antifungal Efficiency of Fluconazole

Wu, Yue; Min, Fangui; Pan, Jinchun; Wang, Jing; Yuan, Wen; Huang, Ren; Zhang, Lixin

doi:10.1155/2015/370641

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Systemic infections with C. albicans are mostly induced using the mouse tail vein infection model system, where between 10 4 and 10 6 Candida cells are injected in the lateral tail vein 288 289 . Whereas for normal virulence assays the inbred lines BALB/c or C57bl/6 are mainly used, for antifungal drug screening, outbred lines such as ICR or CD-1 should be used 183 290 .…”

Section: Methods For Monitoring In Vivo Performancmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm agents and surface coatings against fungal biofilms

Dijck¹,

Sjollema²,

Cammue³

et al. 2018

Microb Cell

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Unlike superficial fungal infections of the skin and nails, which are the most common fungal diseases in humans, invasive fungal infections carry high morbidity and mortality, particularly those associated with biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices. Therapeutic management of these complex diseases is often complicated by the rise in resistance to the commonly used antifungal agents. Therefore, the availability of accurate susceptibility testing methods for determining antifungal resistance, as well as discovery of novel antifungal and antibiofilm agents, are key priorities in medical mycology research. To direct advancements in this field, here we present an overview of the methods currently available for determining (i) the susceptibility or resistance of fungal isolates or biofilms to antifungal or antibiofilm compounds and compound combinations; (ii) the in vivo efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm compounds and compound combinations; and (iii) the in vitro and in vivo performance of anti-infective coatings and materials to prevent fungal biofilm-based infections.

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Section: Methods For Monitoring In Vivo Performancmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm agents and surface coatings against fungal biofilms

Dijck¹,

Sjollema²,

Cammue³

et al. 2018

Microb Cell

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“…Experiments were carried out as described previously. 14 , 20 Animal use protocols were reviewed and approved by IACUC of Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Animals were bred in negative pressure isolation cages in an animal negative pressure facility with an approval of and oversight by the Local Provincial Institutional Environmental Health and Safety Office, 20 the whole project was carried out under the license IACUC2012006.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Necropsy and histopathological analysis were carried out as described previously, 20 briefly speaking, immediately after euthanasia in the 19th day of infection, the brain, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and right kidney were immersed in buffered 10% formalin. After paraffin embedding and sectioning, standard 5 µm sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beauvericin counteracted multi-drug resistant Candida albicans by blocking ABC transporters

Tong

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

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Multi-drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms is becoming a serious threat, particularly to immunocompromised populations. The high mortality of systematic fungal infections necessitates novel antifungal drugs and therapies. Unfortunately, with traditional drug discovery approaches, only echinocandins was approved by FDA as a new class of antifungals in the past two decades. Drug efflux is one of the major contributors to multi-drug resistance, the modulator of drug efflux pumps is considered as one of the keys to conquer multi-drug resistance. In this study, we combined structure-based virtual screening and whole-cell based mechanism study, identified a natural product, beauvericin (BEA) as a drug efflux pump modulator, which can reverse the multi-drug resistant phenotype of Candida albicans by specifically blocking the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters; meantime, BEA alone has fungicidal activity in vitro by elevating intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was further demonstrated by histopathological study that BEA synergizes with a sub-therapeutic dose of ketoconazole (KTC) and could cure the murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Toxicity evaluation of BEA, including acute toxicity test, Ames test, and hERG (human ether-à-go-go-related gene) test promised that BEA can be harnessed for treatment of candidiasis, especially the candidiasis caused by ABC overexpressed multi-drug resistant C. albicans.

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“…Upon C. parapsilosis infection, all three classical mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], and Jun N-terminal protein kinase [JNK]) are involved in cytokine production in mononuclear cells, although the induced cytokine responses vary from those induced by C. albicans (340). NF-B activation was also confirmed during C. parapsilosis invasion, along with the formation of a granuloma-like structure by PBMCs, which was later infiltrated by PMNs and CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ lymphocytes, enhancing the early production of gamma interferon (IFN-␥) and control of the infection (344,345). Besides phagocytosis, killing, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1␣, IL-6, TNF-␣, and CXCL-8), DCs also form fungipods, pseudopodial protrusions observed especially in the presence of C. parapsilosis that are thought to promote fungal recognition (346,347).…”

Section: Host Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida parapsilosis: from Genes to the Bedside

et al. 2019

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SUMMARY Patients with suppressed immunity are at the highest risk for hospital-acquired infections. Among these, invasive candidiasis is the most prevalent systemic fungal nosocomial infection. Over recent decades, the combined prevalence of non-albicans Candida species outranked Candida albicans infections in several geographical regions worldwide, highlighting the need to understand their pathobiology in order to develop effective treatment and to prevent future outbreaks. Candida parapsilosis is the second or third most frequently isolated Candida species from patients. Besides being highly prevalent, its biology differs markedly from that of C. albicans, which may be associated with C. parapsilosis’ increased incidence. Differences in virulence, regulatory and antifungal drug resistance mechanisms, and the patient groups at risk indicate that conclusions drawn from C. albicans pathobiology cannot be simply extrapolated to C. parapsilosis. Such species-specific characteristics may also influence their recognition and elimination by the host and the efficacy of antifungal drugs. Due to the availability of high-throughput, state-of-the-art experimental tools and molecular genetic methods adapted to C. parapsilosis, genome and transcriptome studies are now available that greatly contribute to our understanding of what makes this species a threat. In this review, we summarize 10 years of findings on C. parapsilosis pathogenesis, including the species’ genetic properties, transcriptome studies, host responses, and molecular mechanisms of virulence. Antifungal susceptibility studies and clinician perspectives are discussed. We also present regional incidence reports in order to provide an updated worldwide epidemiology summary.

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SystemicCandida parapsilosisInfection Model in Immunosuppressed ICR Mice and Assessing the Antifungal Efficiency of Fluconazole

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Methodologies for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm agents and surface coatings against fungal biofilms

Methodologies for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm agents and surface coatings against fungal biofilms

Beauvericin counteracted multi-drug resistant Candida albicans by blocking ABC transporters

Candida parapsilosis: from Genes to the Bedside

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