Systemic Diseases and Biological Dental Implant Complications: A Narrative Review

Abstract

The relationship between periodontitis and such systemic disorders as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity has been extensively investigated. There is less scientific evidence available, however, regarding the influence of systemic diseases on the risk of late failure of dental implant rehabilitation due to peri-implantitis. The aim of the present study was to review the literature on the role of several common systemic disorders (diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and osteoporosis) in the onset of peri-implantitis. A database search initially yielded 2787 studies of potential interest published up to 1 March 2022 (993 in PubMed; 908 in Web of Science; and 886 in Scopus). After removing 1190 duplicate articles and checking the titles, abstracts and full texts for relevance, 70 articles were selected for the present analysis. Only cohort, case-control studies and clinical case series were considered. Most of the literature concludes for no association between diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension or osteoporosis and the risk of peri-implantitis. On the other hand, almost all the studies that investigated obesity as a risk factor for implant rehabilitation found a positive association between the two. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the effects of systemic diseases on rehabilitation with dental implants.

Simultaneous Implant and Guided Bone Regeneration Using Bovine-Derived Xenograft and Acellular Dermal Matrix in Aesthetic Zone

“…Comprehensive measurements of the width of the attached gingiva, vestibule, and soft tissue thickness were conducted to establish clinical parameters as references for subsequent surgical procedures [ 19 ]. Factors such as oral hygiene conditions and ensuring the absence of systemic conditions that may impact treatment planning are also considered, as they contribute to the overall success of the treatment [ 20 , 21 ].…”

“…Comprehensive measurements of the width of the attached gingiva, vestibule, and soft tissue thickness were conducted to establish clinical parameters as references for subsequent surgical procedures [19]. Factors such as oral hygiene conditions and ensuring the absence of systemic conditions that may impact treatment planning are also considered, as they contribute to the overall success of the treatment [20,21]. Based on a thorough assessment of relevant clinical parameters, the proposed treatment plan involves the simultaneous installation of implants in the maxillary anterior teeth, complemented by the addition of xenograft mixed with autogenous bone graft and the strategic utilization of ADM as a barrier to enhance mucosal tissue thickness [22,23].…”

Dental Implant Placement in Medically Compromised Patients: A Literature Review

“…Careful evaluation of bone mineral density can improve the prognosis for dental implants in patients with osteoporosis [34]. According to most of the studies that were reviewed by Sbricoli et al, the results showed no difference between patients with metabolic bone disease and healthy patients in the survival rates of dental implants, so there isn't enough evidence to argue that osteoporosis increases peri-implantitis risks [35]. A study by Shibili et al compared the histological properties of implants in patients with and without osteoporosis; neither group had different percentages of bone-implant contact and results weren't different between groups either after osseointegration was achieved.…”

Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Case Report of an Unusual Side Effect of Adalimumab

“…After complete healing, the edentulous space will be replaced by placement of 2 implants in area 3.2 and 4.3 supporting a 5-unit splinted dental fixed dental prosthesis [31].…”