Nanotechnology has shown a revolution in cancer treatments,
including
breast cancers. However, there remain some challenges and translational
hurdles. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the primary treatment
methods for breast cancer, although drug combinations showed promising
results in preclinical studies. Herein we report the development of
a smart drug delivery system (DDS) to efficiently treat breast cancer
by pyroptosis–starvation–chemotherapeutic combination.
Cancer-starvation agent glucose oxidase was chemically attached to
synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles which were entrapped inside poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) along with apoptosis-associated speck-like
protein containing a caspase recruitment domain plasmid and paclitaxel
(PTX). An emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to prepare
the DDS. The surface of the DDS was modified with chitosan to which
aptamer was attached to achieve site-specific targeting. Hence, the
prepared DDS could be targeted to a tumor site by both external magnet
and aptamer to obtain an enhanced accumulation of drugs at the tumor
site. The final size of the aptamer-decorated DDS was less than 200
nm, and the encapsulation efficiency of PTX was 76.5 ± 2.5%.
Drug release from the developed DDS was much higher at pH 5.5 than
at pH 7.4, ensuring the pH sensitivity of the DDS. Due to efficient
dual targeting of the DDS, in vitro viability of 4T1 cells was reduced
to 12.1 ± 1.6%, whereas the nontargeted group and free PTX group
could reduce the viability of cells to 29.2 ± 2.4 and 46.2 ±
1.6%, respectively. Our DDS showed a synergistic effect in vitro and
no severe side effects in vivo. This DDS has strong potential to treat
various cancers.