Systemic and Regional Blood Flow Changes during Halothane Anesthesia in the Rhesus Monkey

Sivarajan, Murali; Amory, David W.; Lindbloom, Leo E.; Schwettmann, Rick S.

doi:10.1097/00000542-197107000-00022

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The prevailing concept is derived from studies utilizing the para-aminohippurate (PAH) method of measuring renal flow; these studies have found a marked reduction in PAH clearance and they have concluded that marked renal vasoconstriction (4,24,41,42) or little change (27) occurs. Other studies utilizing more direct techniques have indicated that renal vasodilatation occurs (4,14,23). The present study also indicated that the renal bed was dilated by halothane.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…General anesthesia alters the normal responses of the myocardium and the regional circulations to a variety of physiological interventions and pharmacologic agents (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) and thus might affect the normal reactions to another pharmacologic agent, halothane. Prior studies using conscious animals and man as controls have been limited by the inability to measure regional flows directly and continuously (4,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Furthermore, in these studies the interpretation of control values has been complicated by the failure to give 100% oxygen (O 2 ) during the control periods (4, 23-27) (c\en though O 2 was administered with halothane), or by the addition of a preanesthetic or nitrous oxide (4,(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Halothane on Left Ventricular Function and Distribution of Regional Blood Flow in Dogs and Primates

Vatner

Smith

1974

Circulation Research

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Left ventricular and regional vascular effects of halothane were assessed in dogs and primates in which coronary, mesenteric, renal, and iliac blood flows, arterial blood pressure, left ventricular diameter and pressure, dD/dt (i.e., the velocity of myocardial fiber shortening), and dP/dt were continuously measured in the control resting state, while the conscious animals were breathing O 2 , and during halothane-O 2 anesthesia maintained at 1% or at 2% for 90 minutes (separate experimental days). Halothane caused a concentration-dependent depression of myocardial contractility: (dP/dt)/P fell 68 ± 5% during 2% halothane anesthesia and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter rose. Halothane also caused a redistribution of regional blood flows. At a concentration of 1% halothane, the most intense vasodilatation occurred in the renal bed (renal resistance fell 46 ± 5%), but mesenteric resistance rose (42 ± 15%). With 1% halothane regional vascular resistances tended to rise with time, but with 2% halothane regional blood flows rose with time. A direct vasodilating action of halothane was observed following direct intra-arterial injection of the drug. Probably this action was responsible for the renal and iliac vasodilatations and for the opposition to the metabolically induced vasoconstriction in the coronary bed. Thus, the administration of the most commonly employed potent inhalation anesthetic, halothane, substantially alters myocardial contractility and regional blood flows and resistances. These effects are, in many instances, a function of the concentration of the anesthetic and the duration of its administration. KEY WORDSanesthesia renal flow mesenteric flow iliac flow myocardial contractility baboon chimpanzee

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Halothane on Left Ventricular Function and Distribution of Regional Blood Flow in Dogs and Primates

Vatner

Smith

1974

Circulation Research

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“…Since halothane anesthesia may modify blood flow (9,18), it is also possible that any changes in uterine and umbilical flow elicited by estrogen deprivation were masked by halothane anesthesia in baboons of the present study. However, the latter seems unlikely since the significant decline in uterine and umbilical artery PI and other flow impedance indexes and increase in volume flow observed with advancing human pregnancy (28,38,45) were also noted with advancing gestation both in estrogen-replete and estrogen-deprived baboons lightly anesthetized with halothane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Uterine and fetal blood flow indexes and fetal growth assessment after chronic estrogen suppression in the second half of baboon pregnancy

Aberdeen

Baschat²,

Harman³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Although estrogen regulates important aspects of maternal cardiovascular physiology, the role of estrogen on uteroplacental and fetal blood flow is incompletely understood. This study tested the hypothesis that chronically suppressing endogenous estrogen production during the second half of baboon pregnancy alters uterine and fetal blood flow dynamics assessed by ultrasonography. Pregnant baboons were untreated or treated daily with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole or letrozole plus estradiol on days 100-160 of gestation (term = 184 days). Blood flow dynamics were determined by Doppler ultrasonography on day 60 and longitudinally between days 110 and 160 of gestation. Letrozole decreased maternal serum estradiol and estrone concentrations by 95% (P < 0.001). Fetal growth biometrical parameters increased (P < 0.001) between days 110 and 160 of gestation and were similar in untreated and letrozole-treated animals. Uterine, umbilical, and fetal middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and resistance index declined (P < 0.01) by 30-50% and uterine artery volume flow increased sixfold (P < 0.001) between days 60 and 160, but values were similar in untreated, letrozole-treated, and letrozole plus estradiol-treated baboons. Thus uterine and fetal artery blood flow indexes, uterine artery volume flow, and fetal growth were maintained at normal levels despite chronic estrogen suppression in the second half of baboon pregnancy. This suggests that elevated levels of endogenous estrogen are not required to maintain low impedance blood flow within the uteroplacental vascular bed during the second half of nonhuman primate pregnancy.

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“…For example, apoptosis will lead to the release of caspase-cleaved CK-18 fragments, and necrosis will lead to release of uncleaved CK-18 [68]. Multiple studies have demonstrated that CK-18 and CK-18 fragments can be released from cells into blood [66, 67, 69, 70], suggesting the potential use of CK-18 fragments or CK-18 as noninvasive biomarkers of human diseases. Vos et al measured plasma CK-18 levels in normal weight children and obese children with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and found that its level is elevated in children with suspected NAFLD and was proposed as a diagnostic biomarker of NAFLD [69].…”

Section: Current and Emerging Biomarkers Of Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Emerging Biomarkers of Cell Death in Human Disease

Chen

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Cell death is a critical biological process, serving many important functions within multicellular organisms. Aberrations in cell death can contribute to the pathology of human diseases. Significant progress made in the research area enormously speeds up our understanding of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cell death. According to the distinct morphological and biochemical characteristics, cell death can be triggered by extrinsic or intrinsic apoptosis, regulated necrosis, autophagic cell death, and mitotic catastrophe. Nevertheless, the realization that all of these efforts seek to pursue an effective treatment and cure for the disease has spurred a significant interest in the development of promising biomarkers of cell death to early diagnose disease and accurately predict disease progression and outcome. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about cell death, survey current and emerging biomarkers of cell death, and discuss the relationship with human diseases.

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Systemic and Regional Blood Flow Changes during Halothane Anesthesia in the Rhesus Monkey

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Halothane on Left Ventricular Function and Distribution of Regional Blood Flow in Dogs and Primates

Effects of Halothane on Left Ventricular Function and Distribution of Regional Blood Flow in Dogs and Primates

Uterine and fetal blood flow indexes and fetal growth assessment after chronic estrogen suppression in the second half of baboon pregnancy

Current and Emerging Biomarkers of Cell Death in Human Disease

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