Systemic Amyloid A Amyloidosis in Island Foxes (<i>Urocyon littoralis</i>)

Gaffney, Patricia M.; Witte, Carmel; Clifford, Deana L.; Imai, Denise M.; O’Brien, Timothy; Trejo, Margarita; Liberta, Falk; Annamalai, Karthikeyan; Fändrich, Marcus; Masliah, Eliezer; Munson, Linda; Sigurdson, Christina J.

doi:10.1177/0300985815604725

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…The only other inflammatory lesion evaluated in our study was interstitial lymphoplasmacytic nephritis which showed stronger and more significant correlations with kidney and liver amyloidosis than gastritis. Similarly, nephritis was found to be an important risk factor for kidney amyloidosis in Island foxes [Gaffney et al, ]. In addition, other factors have been implicated in the pathogensis of amyloidosis in cheetahs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic factors, adrenal gland morphology, and disease burden in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in South Africa

et al. 2016

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Adrenal gland weight (AW) and corticomedullary ratio (ACMR) are used as indicators of stress in animals. Captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) have higher ACMRs than free-ranging ones and stress has been linked to gastritis, amyloidosis, glomerulosclerosis, and myocardial fibrosis. We reviewed age, sex, body weight (BW), kidney weight (KW), and left AW and ACMR with necropsy findings in 51 South African captive cheetahs. Eleven common histopathologic lesions were counted for each animal as measure of its disease burden. Adrenal corticomedullary hyperplasia was significantly correlated with left AW and ACMR. Males had significantly higher AWs than females; other parameters showed no difference between the sexes. Disease burden, gastritis, and myocardial fibrosis were moderately correlated with adrenal morphology supporting prior evidence that gastritis and myocardial fibrosis are linked to stress. Glomerulosclerosis was not correlated with adrenal morphology and neither kidney nor liver amyloidosis contributed significantly to variation in AW or ACMR on multivariate analyses. Interstitial nephritis showed much stronger correlations with kidney and liver amyloidosis than gastritis. All three adrenal parameters were correlated with age; age was the only significant variable affecting ACMR on the multivariate analyses; and disease burden as well as systemic amyloidosis and kidney disease (except for fibrosis) showed moderate correlations with age. Age may, therefore, be important in the pathogenesis of disease in captive cheetahs, particularly of amyloidosis and kidney disease. None of the intrinsic measurements or adrenal parameters were sufficiently closely linked to disease to be used as ante-mortem proxies for disease burden or specific diseases. Zoo Biol. 36:40-49, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic factors, adrenal gland morphology, and disease burden in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in South Africa

et al. 2016

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“…Chronic renal disease is a common age-related disease in many species including domestic cats[ 47 , 49 , 64 ], dogs[ 65 ], Island foxes[ 66 ], the great apes[ 67 ] and naked mole-rats[ 68 ]. As in humans[ 69 ], older cats have more CRD, interstitial fibrosis, sclerotic glomeruli and fewer nephrons than younger cats[ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although gastritis is reportedly the most common inflammatory lesion in cheetahs[ 5 , 6 , 9 , 17 , 31 ] no statistically significant association was found between alimentary tract and renal disease in this population of cheetahs. Lymphoplasmacytic nephritis but not gastritis has been shown to have a strong positive correlation with amyloidosis in cheetahs, Island foxes and Abyssinian cats [ 13 , 66 , 78 ]. Medullary fibrosis is closely associated with medullary amyloidosis in cheetahs[ 6 , 13 ] as well as in Abyssinian cats[ 78 ] and Shar Pei dogs[ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new perspective on the pathogenesis of chronic renal disease in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

2018

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The sustainability of captive cheetah populations is limited by high mortality due to chronic renal disease. This necropsy study, conducted on 243 captive cheetahs from one institution, investigated the relationships between focal palatine erosions, gastritis, enterocolitis, glomerulosclerosis, chronic renal infarcts, renal cortical and medullary fibrosis, and renal medullary amyloidosis at death. Associations between the individual renal lesions and death due to chronic renal disease and comparisons of lesion prevalence between captive bred and wild born and between normal and king coated cheetahs were also assessed. All lesions were significantly positively correlated with age at death. Renal medullary fibrosis was the only lesion associated with the likelihood of death being due to chronic renal disease, and cheetahs with this lesion were younger, on average, than cheetahs with other renal lesions. Alimentary tract lesions were not associated with amyloidosis. All lesions, except for palatine erosions, were more common in wild born than in captive bred cheetahs; the former were older at death than the latter. Having a king coat had no clear effect on disease prevalence. These results suggest that age and renal medullary fibrosis are the primary factors influencing the pathogenesis of chronic renal disease in captive cheetahs. Apart from amyloidosis, these findings are analogous to those described in chronic renal disease in domestic cats, which is postulated to result primarily from repetitive hypoxic injury of renal tubules, mediated by age and stress. Cheetahs may be particularly susceptible to acute renal tubular injury due to their propensity for stress and their extended life span in captivity, as well as their adaptation for fecundity (rather than longevity) and adrenaline-mediated high speed prey chases. The presence of chronic renal disease in subadult cheetahs suggests that prevention, identification and mitigation of stress are critical to the successful prevention of chronic renal disease in captive cheetahs.

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“…Variation in the size and topography of the islands cause differences in temperature, precipitation, and wind [12] and likely has contributed to the divergence of the gut microbiome. These geographically differing variables, as well as differences in anthropogenic impacts, across the islands influence the diet [13,14] and pathogen prevalence [15][16][17][18] across fox populations. Knowing that diet and the immune system affect the gut microbiome, this system is ideal to test if geography correlates with gut bacterial communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Geography and Captivity on Scat Bacterial Communities in the Imperiled Channel Island Fox

Adams

Becker

Edmands

2021

Preprint

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Background With developing understanding that host-associated microbiota play significant roles in individual health and fitness, taking an interdisciplinary approach combining microbiome research with conservation science is increasingly favored. Here we establish the scat microbiome of the imperiled Channel Island fox (Urocyon littoralis) and look at the effects of geography and captivity on the variation in bacterial communities. Results Using high throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we discovered distinct bacterial communities in each island fox subspecies. Weight, timing of the sample collection, and sex contributed to the geographic patterns. We uncovered significant taxonomic differences and an overall decrease in bacterial diversity in captive versus wild foxes. Conclusions Understanding the drivers of microbial variation in this system provides a valuable lens through which to evaluate the health and conservation of these genetically depauperate foxes. The island-specific bacterial community baselines established in this study can make monitoring island fox health easier and understanding the implications of inter-island translocation clearer. The decrease in bacterial diversity within captive foxes could lead to losses in the functional services normally provided by commensal microbes and suggests that zoos and captive breeding programs would benefit from maintaining microbial diversity.

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Systemic Amyloid A Amyloidosis in Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis)

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Intrinsic factors, adrenal gland morphology, and disease burden in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in South Africa

Intrinsic factors, adrenal gland morphology, and disease burden in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in South Africa

A new perspective on the pathogenesis of chronic renal disease in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Effect of Geography and Captivity on Scat Bacterial Communities in the Imperiled Channel Island Fox

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