Systematization of theoretical approaches to the concept of global value chains

Abstract

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and development of the concept of global value chains. The work systematizes existing research on various aspects of the analysis of this phenomenon. On the basis of systematization, the following five main directions were identified, which were considered in the study: 1. by the structure of costs and output in global value chains, which reflects the processes of transformation of raw materials into the final product; 2. by geographical aspect, i.e. location of production processes and functions of the company and optimization of interaction between them; 3. on the structure of management and distribution of influence in global value chains, which considers the level of influence and distribution of roles between the main participants of these chains; 4. by the institutional aspect, which involves the study of the influence of institutional features of countries and/or industries on various links of global value chains; 5. for the development in global value chains of value from studying the process of movement of chain participants to higher levels of generating added value. Based on the systematization and study of scientific publications, the two most promising areas of further research are distinguished: the influence of institutional distance between countries – participants of global value chains on the configuration parameters of these chains and the role of various types of contractual relations between companies in the configuration and improvement of operations within global value chains. Special attention should be paid to the least studied aspect of the analysis of global value chains – the institutional one. In the context of developing countries, this problem is extremely relevant, since, on the one hand, it combines the potential for improving existing concepts (originally created for companies from developed countries) and the development of new directions, and on the other hand, it has practical significance in the conditions growing participation of companies from these countries in the world economy. The study of the structure and dynamics of changes in the sectors of the world economy by combining various aspects of the analysis of global value chains helps to determine where, how and by whom value is created and distributed: economic and social, tangible and intangible, as well as other types of value.