Systematics of Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa with the description of a new species and comments on the taxonomy of Trachycephalus typhonius (Anura, Hylidae)

Abstract

Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa is an Amazonian hylid of uncertain phylogenetic position. Herein DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes are used to determine its phylogenetic relationships. New sequences and external morphology of Trachycephalus typhonius are also analyzed to assess the status of Ecuadorian and Peruvian populations. The phylogeny shows unequivocally that Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa is nested within the genus Tepuihyla, tribe Lophiohylini. This position was unexpected because the remaining species of Ecnomiohyla belong to the tribe Hylini. To solve the paraphyly of the genus Ecnomiohyla, Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa is transferred to the genus Tepuihyla. Comparisons of DNA sequences, external morphology, and advertisement calls between populations of Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa from Ecuador and Peru indicate that the Peruvian population represents an undescribed species. The new species is described and a species account is provided for Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa. Trachycephalus typhonius is paraphyletic relative to Trachycephalus cunauaru, Trachycephalus hadroceps, and Trachycephalus resinifictrix. The phylogenetic position of populations from western Ecuador indicates that they represent a species separate from Trachycephalus typhonius sensu stricto. We resurrect the name Hyla quadrangulum (Trachycephalus quadrangulum comb. n.) for those populations. Amazonian populations of “Trachycephalus typhonius” from Ecuador and Peru are genetically and morphologically distinct from Trachycephalus typhonius sensu stricto and are conspecific with the holotype of Hyla macrotis. Therefore, we also resurrect Hyla macrotis, a decision that results in Trachycephalus macrotis comb. n.

The phylogeny of the Casque‐headed Treefrogs (Hylidae: Hylinae: Lophyohylini)

“…vilarsi by Ferrão et al (2019). Ron et al (2016) suggested that the synonymy of Os . helenae with Os.…”

“…(l) Pyron (2014; redrawn from supporting information file “amph_shl.tre”). (m) Ron et al (2016; redrawn from fig. 1).…”

A new large canopy-dwelling species of Phyllodytes Wagler, 1930 (Anura, Hylidae) from the Atlantic Forest of the state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil

“…Another question that hangs on Phyllodytes is it's relationship with Phytotriades. Most of the studies did not recover this genus as sister taxon (e.g., Jowers, Downie & Cohen, 2008;Wiens et al, 2010;Pyron & Wiens, 2011;Pyron, 2014;Ron et al, 2016;Jetz & Pyron, 2018) although other authors obtained this result (Moen & Wiens, 2009;Duellman, Marion & Hedges, 2016). Even when we increase the number of analyzed species of Phyllodytes (previously there were only two species of this genus with sequences available for analysis) we did not recover these genera as close relatives.…”

Historical biogeography of the palaeoendemic toad genus Oreophrynella (Amphibia: Bufonidae) sheds a new light on the origin of the Pantepui endemic terrestrial biota

“…Post‐Miocene Andean origins of Pantepui endemic species were demonstrated in groups with better dispersal abilities than anuran amphibians (e.g. Bonaccorso & Guayasamin, ; based on shared distribution of birds), and range disjunctions between the Andes and the Pantepui region have been observed, for example, in bryophytes (Désamoré, Vanderpoorten, Laenen, Gradstein, & Kok, ), and recently in the frog genus Tepuihyla (Ron, Venegas, Ortega‐Andrade, Gagliardi‐Urrutia, & Salerno, ). However, a pre‐Miocene Andean origin of a Pantepui endemic vertebrate genus is here demonstrated for the first time.…”