“…STAT1, EGFR, ESR1 and TP53 have all been shown to be important for the progression of liver cancer, along with the STAT3 signalling pathway. 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 Notably, two clinical trials, a phase III trial on tamoxifen (an ESR1 antagonist) and a phase II trial of tamoxifen in combination with cisplatin and doxorubicin hydrochloride, have already been performed for the treatment of liver cancers. 75 , 76 The postulated central role of the estrogen receptor should be further investigated to address whether both classes of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) are involved and relevant in hepatocellular carcinoma progression.…”