Systematic status of two oyster populations of the genus Tiostrea from New Zealand and Chile

Buroker, Norman E.; Chanley, Paul; Cranfield, H. J.; Dinamani, P.

doi:10.1007/bf00396317

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1999; Cook & Crisp 2005a; Pratt et al. 2008), when a chain of dispersal events could be inferred, involving capes and islands of the Southern Ocean (Buroker et al. 1983; Wagstaff et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealand phylogeography: evolution on a small continent

Wallis¹,

Trewick²

2009

Molecular Ecology

231

232

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New Zealand has long been a conundrum to biogeographers, possessing as it does geophysical and biotic features characteristic of both an island and a continent. This schism is reflected in provocative debate among dispersalist, vicariance biogeographic and panbiogeographic schools. A strong history in biogeography has spawned many hypotheses, which have begun to be addressed by a flood of molecular analyses. The time is now ripe to synthesize these findings on a background of geological and ecological knowledge. It has become increasingly apparent that most of the biota of New Zealand has links with other southern lands (particularly Australia) that are much more recent than the breakup of Gondwana. A compilation of molecular phylogenetic analyses of ca 100 plant and animal groups reveals that only 10% of these are even plausibly of archaic origin dating to the vicariant splitting of Zealandia from Gondwana. Effects of lineage extinction and lack of good calibrations in many cases strongly suggest that the actual proportion is even lower, in keeping with extensive Oligocene inundation of Zealandia. A wide compilation of papers covering phylogeographic structuring of terrestrial, freshwater and marine species shows some patterns emerging. These include: east-west splits across the Southern Alps, eastwest splits across North Island, north-south splits across South Island, star phylogenies of southern mountain isolates, spread from northern, central and southern areas of high endemism, and recent recolonization (postvolcanic and anthropogenic). Excepting the last of these, most of these patterns seem to date to late Pliocene, coinciding with the rapid uplift of the Southern Alps. The diversity of New Zealand geological processes (sinking, uplift, tilting, sea level change, erosion, volcanism, glaciation) has produced numerous patterns, making generalizations difficult. Many species maintain pre-Pleistocene lineages, with phylogeographic structuring more similar to the Mediterranean region than northern Europe. This structure reflects the fact that glaciation was far from ubiquitous, despite the topography. Intriguingly, then, origins of the flora and fauna are island-like, whereas phylogeographic structure often reflects continental geological processes.

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“…1999; Cook & Crisp 2005a; Pratt et al. 2008), when a chain of dispersal events could be inferred, involving capes and islands of the Southern Ocean (Buroker et al. 1983; Wagstaff et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealand phylogeography: evolution on a small continent

Wallis¹,

Trewick²

2009

Molecular Ecology

231

232

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“…Mortality at 24 to 27OC was similar to that at 16 to 18"C, but the cause of mortality was not apparent. The elevated temperatures (24 to 27°C) may be at the upper limit of tolerance for a cold temperate oyster, such as New Zealand Tiostrea chilensis, which in the wild survives at 6 to 25°C (Buroker et al 1983). If so, lack of replication at 24 to 27°C may be due to temperature making host cells abnormal and non-permissive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of a herpes-like virus in larvae of the flat oyster Tiostrea chilensis at ambient temperatures

Hine¹,

Wesney²,

Besant³

1998

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Veligers removed from brooding T~ostrea chilens~s (Philippi, 1845) experienced -95% mortalities over 3 to 4 d at 16 to 18°C that appeared to be associated with a herpes-like virus. Ultrastructural observations of post-removal veligers showed the presence of early viral replication or putative latent stages at 4 h, all stages of replication at low levels at 24 h, which increased to high levels at 48 h, followed by mortalities at 72 h onwards. Initially, infected interstitial or epithelia1 cells had an enlarged nucleus with a wavy outline in which heterochromatin was marginated. With continued increase in size, nuclei became smooth in outline with reduction or loss of heterochromatin. Capsids with lucent cores (LCC) and empty capsids appeared in the nucleus, often in association with tubular structures -65 nm in diameter that were composed of subunits in a helical configuration that contained a tubular core -35 nm in diameter. Empty capsids and LCC sometimes occurred in paracrystalline arrays. Partial nucleolar disaggregation and encapsidation of dense fibrillar material preceded envelopment entering and de-envelopment leaving the perinuclear cisterna, tegumentation in cytoplasmic vesicles, and egress. Groups of dense cytoplasmic filaments 30 to 35 nm in diameter occurred in some infected cells. Apparently normal cells with a few intranuclear empty capsids and/or LCC at 4 h postremoval may represent latent infections. Replication was not observed in larvae held at 24 to 27'C. but a few cells had enlarged hypochromatic karyolytic nuclei, and 1 to 2 capsids were observed in them, at 48 h. Viral replication was similar to that of ranid herpesvirus 1 (Lucke tumour) infections. This is the fifth ostreid species from which herpesviruses have been reported.

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“…Geographical evidence has been used to infer rafting for many small and brooding bivalves (Buroker et al 1983, Ó Foighil 1989, Helmuth et al 1994, Ó Foighil & Jozefowicz 1999, Castilla & Guiñez 2000. Vermeij et al (1990) attributed the spread of several brooding mollusc species (bivalves as well as gastropods) along the chain of the Aleutian Islands to rafting.…”

Section: Mollusca (Bivalvia)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Rafting in the Marine Environment. Ii. the Rafting Organisms and Community

Thiel¹,

Gutow²

2005

Oceanography and Marine Biology

343

394

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Rafting of marine and terrestrial organisms has been reported from a variety of substrata and from all major oceans of the world. Herein we present information on common rafting organisms and on ecological interactions during rafting voyages. An extensive literature review revealed a total of 1205 species, for which rafting was confirmed or inferred based on distributional or genetic evidence. Rafting organisms comprised cyanobacteria, algae, protists, invertebrates from most marine but also terrestrial phyla, and even a few terrestrial vertebrates. Marine hydrozoans, bryozoans, crustaceans and gastropods were the most common taxa that had been observed rafting. All major feeding types were represented among rafters, being dominated by grazing/boring and suspension-feeding organisms, which occurred on all floating substrata. Besides these principal trophic groups, predators/scavengers and detritus feeders were also reported. Motility of rafting organisms was highest on macroalgae and lowest on abiotic substrata such as plastics and volcanic pumice. Important trends were revealed for the reproductive biology of rafting organisms. A high proportion of clonal organisms (Cnidaria and Bryozoa) featured asexual reproduction, often in combination with sexual reproduction. Almost all rafting organisms have internal fertilisation, which may be due to the fact that gamete concentrations in the rafting environment are too low for successful fertilisation of external fertilisers. Following fertilisation, many rafting organisms incubate their offspring in/on their body or deposit embryos in egg masses on rafts. Local recruitment, where offspring settle in the immediate vicinity of parents, is considered an important advantage for establishing persistent local populations on a raft, or in new habitats. Some organisms are obligate rafters, spending their entire life cycle on a raft, but the large majority of reported rafters are considered facultative rafters. These organisms typically live in benthic (or terrestrial) habitats, but may become dispersed while being confined to a floating item. Substratum characteristics (complexity, surface, size) have important effects on the composition of the rafting community. While at sea, ecological interactions (facilitation, competition, predation) contribute to the community succession on rafts. Organisms capable to compete for and exploit resources on a raft (space and food) will be able to persist throughout community succession. The duration of rafting voyages is closely related to rafting distances, which may cover various geographical scales. In chronological order, three features of an organism gain in importance during rafting, these being ability to (1) hold onto floating items, (2) establish and compete successfully and (3) develop persistent local MARTIN THIEL & LARS GUTOW 280 populations during a long voyage. Small organisms that do not feed on their floating substratum and, with asexual reproduction or direct development, combine all these features appear to be mos...

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Systematic status of two oyster populations of the genus Tiostrea from New Zealand and Chile

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

New Zealand phylogeography: evolution on a small continent

New Zealand phylogeography: evolution on a small continent

Replication of a herpes-like virus in larvae of the flat oyster Tiostrea chilensis at ambient temperatures

The Ecology of Rafting in the Marine Environment. Ii. the Rafting Organisms and Community

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